Hodgkin-Huxley Model Essay
Research Question: To what extent do Hodgkin-Huxley models successfully define action potential generation of an organism mathematically? Background information: Action Potential is a moving exchange of ions that runs along the length of the axon. (http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/actionpot.html) To know more about action potential, we first need to understand what a neuron is and where in the neuron action potential occurs. Below is an annotated diagram of what a neuron looks like. A sensory neuron- http://www.memrise.com/user/bex1308/ Action potential occurs in the cell body region of the neuron. Biologically, action potentials occur when a stimulus causes the cell membrane of the cell body to decrease in potential difference (a difference …show more content…
This potential can be obtained by Goldman-Hodgkin-Katz model. It was used to calculate the membrane potential when more than one channels were present in the plasma membrane of the cell, and open at the same time. It majorly depends on the permeability of membranes in use. Permeability refers to the ease in which ions can pass through membranes to reach the opposite side. The ions can never reach their equilibrium potentials because three ions are contributing to the membrane potential. Since equilibrium cannot be reached, an electrochemical driving force is generated which acts on the ions. It is derived by finding the difference between the membrane potential obtained and the equilibrium potential expected. The sign of the value of this force decides the direction of movement of ions. Since we have cations (positive ions), a positive value shows movement of ions outside the cell membrane and a negative value shows movement of ions inside the cell membrane. If the value is equal to that of the equilibrium potential, the driving force acting on the ion is 0. This means there is no movement of ions in or out of the cell membrane and a resting potential is attained. At this point, there are more sodium ions outside the cell membrane and more potassium ions inside the
AP Biology Chapter Summary
1515 Words | 7 PagesThe constant movement of solutes and water across cellular membranes is an overarching concept that helps to maintain cells’ growth and dynamic homeostasis. Water potential, the measure of the relative tendency of water to move from one area to another, takes into consideration the concentration of free water molecules. It is calculated using the following formula: water potential (Ψ) = pressure potential (Ψp) + solute potential (Ψs). The water in an organism moves down a concentration gradient, from an area of high water potential to low potential.
How Huxley Changes The Format Of A Normal Story
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Action Potential Research Paper
572 Words | 3 PagesThe ions exchanged include potassium ions (K+) and sodium ions (Na+). Sodium ions are sodium atoms with a positive charge as a result of losing and electron. Certain proteins along the cell's plasma membrane called ion channels play a significant role in the process, allowing particular ions in and out of the membrane.
Leonard Huxley Annotated Bibliography
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Swim Lab Report
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Primary Sensory Cortex
1731 Words | 7 PagesExplain the process by which light generates membrane potentials within the photoreceptor. The photoreceptors detect the light. The muscles of our body cause our eyes to move so that certain images are not in our retina’s view; the shape of the lens then changes. Synapses and bipolar cells are channels in which photoreceptors communicate, which then communicate through synapses with ganglion cells.
Resting Membrane Potential Lab Report
1566 Words | 7 PagesThe negatively charged protein molecules (A-) inside the neuron cannot cross the membrane. In integration to these selective ion channels, there is a pump that utilizes energy to move three sodium ions out of the neuron for every two potassium ions it inserts. Conclusively, when all these forces balance out, and the difference in the voltage between the inside and outside of the neuron is quantified, have the resting membrane potential. The resting membrane potential of a neuron is about -70 mV (mV=millivolt) - this designates that the inside of the neuron is 70 mV
Narcolepsy: The Peripheral Nervous System
1048 Words | 5 PagesThe nervous system is a compound set of specialized cells and nerves that integrate the voluntary and involuntary actions of the body and send signals between different parts of the body. When it comes to structure, the nervous system has two main parts: the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system. The peripheral nervous system is made up of ganglia and nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. The central nervous system consists of the spinal cord, nerves and brain.
Hot Burner Case Study
856 Words | 4 PagesLeading the afferent neurons to enter the dorsal nerve root of the spinal cord, the stimulus is passed onto the efferent neuron to reach the efferent pathway to reach the effector organ in Rachel’s case it’s the muscles in the arm leading to hand instantly being pulled back. The brain is not involved in the reflex actions as it will take more time for the impulses to travel to and from the brain. The afferent neurons taking the causal stimulus to the CNS,the spinal cord, the efferent neurons, the exciter neurons and the action performed in response to the stimulus altogether create the reflex arc.(YouTube,
Aldous Huxley's Analysis
287 Words | 2 PagesHuxley is making his point very clear on how he feels about religion, he makes it know that he thinks learning about religion is a waste of time. " For the same reason we don't give them Othello: they're old..." (Pg. 208). Huxley is trying to telling us that God is just old and irrelevant but in a less harsh way. When he compares the religion to "mosquitos and flies" on page 214 it shows to me that he doesn't care for it and there's no purpose for it.
Analysis Of Aldous Huxley's Argument On Civilization
245 Words | 1 PagesHuxleys argument about civilization is that civilization is modern and always advancing with ideals and technology. On page 104 the first example of modern technology is when Lenina is complaint and says, "I wish we could 've brought the plane... I hate walking..." Lenina is stating an issue of her view of civilization, and part of that is modern transport which to them is an airplane, not walking. Walking to her is a form of being uncivilized and a waste of time and space.
Theorizing Aldous Huxley's Essay: Noise Over Silence
765 Words | 4 PagesWhy I choose Noise over Silence Theorizing Aldous Huxley implications on Silence and noise, from reading, gathering information. After careful reading, and processing what Aldous Huxley was saying, begins the argument for which states that seeing this from another point which leads to, Noise should not be considered “Endangered Spices”. The statement read from his theory. To understand more from his passage was more complex, but understandable on some points.
Lab Report On Acid Base Titration
1346 Words | 6 PagesStrong acids and strong bases are strong electrolytes and are assumed to ionize completely in the presence of water. Weak acids however, only ionize to a limited extend in water. Any weak or strong acids when in contact with any weak or strong alkali will start to undergo neutralization regardless of their volume. When an indicator which is present in the acid-base mixture and have experienced colour change, it indicates that the mixture is in right proportions to neutralize each other and is also known as the equivalence point.
Aldous Huxley's Influence
596 Words | 3 PagesBeing raised in a family of scientists and writers, Aldous Huxley received an excellent education, which included mastering the use of the English language but also information about cutting-edge developments in science. This probably led to his fusion of science and literature – he integrated current scientific findings into his works – which singled him out among the writers of his time and made him and his works memorable and ahead of his time. This style of his intrigued and influenced many and the readers today can say that he somehow envisioned, to some extent, the development of science and the application of it in real world. During the first years of his writing career, Huxley wrote satirical pieces about the British upper class.
Describe The Structures And Functions Of The Cell Membrane
456 Words | 2 PagesA phospholipid is a combination of a hydrophilic phosphate head (loves water) and two hydrophobic hydrocarbon tails. The phospholipid bilayer gives the membrane its selectiveness because large molecules cannot pass through it ions and molecules with an electrical charge are repelled by it and hydrophilic substances cannot easily cross its hydrophobic interior. These substances have no choice but to go through the membrane’s integral proteins that act as recognition proteins, enzymes, receptors, carriers, or channels. There are two forms of travel through a cell’s membrane: - Passive Transport- requires no exerted energy; energy comes from the cell’s electrochemical
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