Hofstede's Cultural Dimension

CSR is important for the multinationals to perform in foreign countries because of the growing competition and other challenges that are faced by an organization; the management theory is used as a tool to encounter such challenges ( Ismail, 2009). Donaldson (1989, cited in Secchi, 2007 :359) CSR also acts upon the firms managerial decisions when there are problems such as clashes, protests and strikes, these lay down the moral values, above profit maximization. Managerial theories performance depends on stakeholders trust, co operation and acceptance. Garrige and Mele ( 2004) Detomasi( 2008) were all of a view that social power drives the social responsibility as the corporation is a corporate citizen, who has investment in the community. Davies (1960) stated that CSR is a political power and therefore must be used responsibly as a business is social institution; its power comes from both within and outside.

Definition of foreign investment in this Act only covers foreign direct investment carried out by or under the provisions of this Act and which is used to run the company in Indonesia, in the sense that the owners of capital are directly bear the risk of investment the. Indonesia conducts foreign policy in order to achieve the prosperity of its people. In the fact there was another policy that refers to investment. That policies are made to make work of the Indonesian economy run well, even though there are many policies in the reality there are still have a problem that have to be solved by the President. The policies are complete enough to explain about the investment, but how many policies sometimes does not guarantee that the economic will run well without any problem.

Introduction According to Schein (1992), organization culture is becoming very significant nowadays compared with the past because it will affect the overall performance of an organization. By understanding the organization culture, it enables managers to analyze the organization behavior in order to lead and monitor (Ojo, 2010). Organizational culture is the system of sharing the common actions, values and beliefs that develops within an organization despite the characteristic of the members are different and it will guides the behavior of its members (Schermerhorn et al., 2011, p 366). It acts as glue that holds the overall organization together with the common practices (Tichy, 1982). Pettigrew (1979) argued that style of an organization in conducting a business is mostly depends on the different level of culture based on the multifaceted set of beliefs, values and assumptions.

These are the key aspects that can affect the organisation and management structure of a firm, all these interpersonal communication, management attitude, and social norms have yet been taken into consideration for Porter’s diamond framework. Moreover, Porter’s diamond framework does not cover how national culture will then affect the competitiveness in the national business system (Bosch & Man, 1997). Porter also mentioned that in firm structure and strategy, Japan business system prefers to maintain long-term relationship with their suppliers in the automobile industry is not based on their cultural perspective but rather it is due to pressure under those economic circumstances. This sentence is proven wrong by Whitley (1991), Japanese culture is well known for close connection and long-term employment in order to make their business system unique. Businesses in Japan have strong bonding with their partners to create strategies in reducing uncertainties, likewise these cultural factors is the action that leads to keiretsu being formed in Japan business system (Earley & Singh,

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) relates to the actions of an organization and the effects on the environment and social wellbeing. It is about the way that the company assesses its actions and takes responsibility for this. (Investopedia, n.d.) CSR is a management concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental issues in their business operations and interactions with stakeholders. The company aims to achieve a balance of economic, environmental and social objectives, while also listening to the needs of stakeholders. (UNIDO, n.d.) Within Tesla, corporate social responsibility is very important.

A business’ ethical responsibility clarifies the principles, norms or expectations that have to deal with the employees, consumers or the host community affected by a business’ activity. Carroll expresses the importance for a corporation to adjust to their host community. The actual societal and ethical customs of the given host may in fact go beyond what is at present required by law – making it vital to know that the corporate integrity and ethical conduct may possibly go beyond law and regulations of the given host country (Ibid: 42). In the case of MNCs, this type of situation can happen when conducting business in a country where its legal systems are non-functioning and likely suffers from oppressed regimes and corrupted government officials

3. Reasons behind the limited democratic reforms in Malaysia 3.1 The Argument of Neo-Wilsonianism trade off for democracy Globally, the level of democracy in Malaysia is poor. This situation is accounted to several reasons practiced by the state. Firstly, the Malaysian state believes that a totalitarian control of the state helps to build the state as it is divided along racial lines. This argument can be further explained using the neo-Wilsonianism argument proposed by contemporary democracy analysts.

Three moral philosophies that impact Verizon’s ethical business decision making are teleology, utilitarianism, and egoism. Teleology is important because when making decisions, it is imperative that you think about the repercussions that may happen. It is even more important when making decisions for a large company like this. You will have to consider how this will affect the stakeholders as well. The consequences of unethical actions will affect their employees and their families.

Ethical leadership is a growing concept and many large companies are promoting business ethics as their corporate social responsibility. The behavior and the individual values of the leader provide the direction to the business. Leader’s actions in term of ethical behavior and unethical behavior gives ideas to the employee and other stakeholders that what need to follow and what values are aspired in an organization. The position of the leader with moral and ethical values is most important to provide the solutions to ethical issues in a workplace. This also evident from above discussion that ethical leadership is also crucial in developing the ethical culture within an organization.

Legal and Ethical Considerations in Marketing, Product Safety, and Intellectual Property Ethical issues differ considerably according to the social system as well as the daily morality. Suppliers, business accomplices, as well as the clients must be fulfilled by the behavior of any organization in undertaking its obligations. Notably, most ethical issues, precisely in business, relate to the moral principles, the right and wrong judgment, expressions relating to moral approvals in light of the code of conduct as perceived by the members of a particular professional group. In the corporate world, the common sources of ethical concerns relate to advertisements, treatment of the employees, personal selling, employees compensation, suppliers,