Even though there is not a clear definition about the concepts, it is safe to say that both concepts of homeland security and homeland defense have the same goal, which is to keep the United State safe, but the main difference is that each concept has different functions or missions that when these are combined, they help achieve the mutual goal of keeping safe the United States and its citizens in both settings domestically and abroad (Noftsinger, Newbold & Wheeler, 2007, pg. 31). Although Homeland security can also take care of matters outside the United States it mainly deals with matters that occur domestically within the United States, while homeland defense mainly deals with matters outside the borders of the United States, but in rare …show more content…
30). Therefore, when it comes to homeland security, the agencies that are usually involved are local and federal law enforcement agencies; the National Guard; as well as many other federal agencies that fall under the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) (Noftsinger, Newbold & Wheeler, 2007, pg. 29). When it comes to homeland defense, the agencies that are usually involved are the ones that fall under the DOD (Department of Defense) (Noftsinger, Newbold & Wheeler, 2007, pg. 29). The question is why have government officials decided not to give a more active role to the DOD when it comes to homeland security? In the early history of the U.S. after the civil war, federal troops were tasked with enforcing domestic law, and it resulted in conflict since many federal troops were enforcing the law too aggressively in the southern states (Noftsinger, Newbold & Wheeler, 2007, pg. 28). Eventually, these actions forced government officials to find a solution to this problem and it resulted in the creation of the Posse Comitatus Act of 1878, which prevented the military from engaging in law enforcement matters within the United States unless there was a need for it and it must be approved by congress (Noftsinger, Newbold & Wheeler, 2007, pg. 28). Although homeland security and homeland defense have different objectives and missions, they both help improve national
The armed forces have rendered critical support to state and local (SL) government dating back to the establishment of the nation. Post-9/11, the federal government has taken measures to foster a unity of effort while also encouraging interoperability among all levels of government and the private sector. As a state resource, the Army and Air National Guard (AANG) are under the command and control (C2) of their respective Governors and Adjutant General. Since its inception, the AANGs primary function has been to provide direct, and timely support in response to natural and man-made disasters. Historically, pieces of legislation such as the Posse Comitatus Act (1878) have affected the Department of Defense (DoD) limitations and scope during
They should of delegated the work to the 22 other agencies and seen what worked best for the overall department. The pressure of the recent attack on the United States put the agency under the microscope of the nation because everyone was on high alert. The first issue was that the DHS was having problems with coordinating actions
The Unites States is by far in a better position since the passage of the Homeland Security Bill of 2003. This bill has strengthened and fortified our borders to ensure we are never attacked again like were on September 11, 2001. “There have been a number of planned attacks that have been prevented on U.S. soil and abroad within the past several years” because of the Homeland Security Bill that was put into place (Keefer, 2017). This act vetted a lot of agencies and brought them together in order to make our country much safer than it ever has been. The combing of 22 federal agencies into one new cabinet level department as well as creating four new divisions was the biggest federal reorganization since the creation of the Department of
Homeland security and other agencies can also push down information in the same manor. Relevant information to CBP gets sent down the chain and it is far more efficient with receiving information in a timely manner.
Two months later, in June 1917, the United States Congress passed and president Woodrow Wilson signed the Espionage Act, which defined espionage during wartime. In May 1918, the Sedition Act was enacted; thus, greatly expanded the meaning of the Espionage Act. This series of law, known collectively as the Espionage and Sedition Acts, restricted some civil liberties and raised great disputes. “Was Wilson right in passing the Espionage and Sedition Acts?” and “To what extent is it acceptable to limit a citizen’s civil liberties during wartime?”
Their original purpose was to protect the border from any illegal from crossing, but they mainly focused on the Chinese immigrants from trying to avoid the Chinese exclusion laws. Their mission is to detect and prevent illegal aliens, drugs, terrorist, and terrorist weapons, including weapons of mass destruction from entering the U.S. Their primary mission remains unchanged to detect and prevent the illegal entry of aliens into the United States with the help of other law enforcement officers.
It all starts with the United States passing the Immigration Act of 1907, which was a law that “required all immigrants entering the United States to pass through an official port of entry, submit themselves to inspection, and receive official authorization to legally enter the United States” (Hernandez pg 1). The United States quickly became a nation severely divided over the issues of illegal immigration. In May of 1924 the border patrol was created to enforce immigration laws and restrictions by preventing illegal border crossings and policing the borderland regions. Despite many possible subjects or ‘suspects’ of illegal immigration, such as Asians, Europeans, and prostitutes, the U.S border patrol almost exclusively focused on Mexican immigrant workers. Then in the 1940s, the focus of the U.S border patrol shifted to the southern border.
In accordance with the 2014 Quadrennial Homeland Security Review, the terrorist threat is one of the prevailing challenges that pose a significant risk level to the United States as well as to American citizens abroad and many U.S. allies (Department of Homeland Security, 2014). In the United States, the Federal Government assumes the responsibility for leading the efforts that seek to manage the risk level of the terrorist threat. That is why the Federal Government has created the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), whose main mission is to prevent terrorist threats by managing their risk levels (DHS, 2014). Since the terrorist threat is a very complex threat to manage for one entity or agency alone, the DHS is able to accomplish its main mission by working in partnerships with many federal agencies; State, Local, Tribal, and Territorial (SLLTT) Governments; private and public organizations; international partners; and communities all across the United States (DHS, 2014). In all of those partnerships, the Federal Government through the DHS plays a leadership role
The United States Border Patrol (USBP) has a well-appreciated reputation of the agency that is reliable for patrolling our borders and refusing any illegal immigrants from accessing our country. Of course, in the wake of the 9/11 attacks, the principal goal of the USBP is to identify and stop the insertion of terrorists, weapons of mass destruction, and, as stated earlier, illegal aliens into the United States. The USBP is also liable for preventing any drug smuggling venture before the contraband comes into the US. The Homeland Security Act of 2002 eliminated the Immigration and Naturalization Service and transferred the USBP authority and mission to the Department of Homeland Security (DHS). Within DHS, the USBP forms a part of the Bureau of Customs and Border
(NPR, 2014, para. 13) This department has many responsibilities. One of these responsibilities is grouping the condition of threats in America. These acts made America safer.
Congress gave many responsibilities for this department to handle, like the water system of the United States capital, handle the expansion into the west, take care of the hospitals, universities, handle the affairs with the Native Americans living in the United States, as well protect public lands. These were some of the purposes of why this department was created by Congress. It sole purpose was to handle the nation's internal affairs and make sure the people living are happy and taken well cared for. Some examples are the Interior's Mexican Boundary Commission, which created the international borders with Mexico. This was to help both nations on where their nation ends and so both of their military and police forces know where to stop at and not cross the border.
The main mission of the ERO is to deal with any undocumented immigrants who pose as a danger to the American public. There are three main areas of focus that ERO does, which are all three equally important to them. First, they enforce the America’s immigration laws following every protocol to ensure they are acting in a fair and effective manner (ice.gov). They identify and apprehend any undocumented immigrant that is considered removable and throw them into detention when it is absolutely necessary to do so. Secondly, they have a list of priorities for the apprehension, arrest, and removal of convicted criminals, and those that are considered a danger to the people of the United States.
The hardening the critical infrastructure and potential targets since 9/11
9/11, Criminal Justice Agencies and Homeland Security Thirteen years, two months and eight days have passed since September 11. Still, the remnants of a terrorist attack on the Twin Towers lingers among the public’s mind. Security has been beefed up with extreme standards, stressing the safety of the American public from eminent attacks. This has also created a boost in awareness to suspicious activities and personnel. To some, the ignorance is stronger than most because of the belief that the actions committed on 9/11 were meaningless, that it didn’t change a thing in American society.
Many foreigners were denied entry into the United States based on a contract labor law. Because they were denied entry many entered the United States illegally usually slipping passed the entry points. Therefor it the evolved the need for a border-control force. In 1885