Empirically there are two main approaches to assessment of household resilience to food insecurity; quantitative and qualitative. Potential synergies between both approaches has been explore mainly in poverty assessment (Kanbor, 2001). However, both approaches are without methodological challenges. The most widely recognized problem with quantitative approach to resilience measurement is that resilience is not directly observable. In order to overcome this problem, two strategies have been devised. One way is to treat resilience as a latent variable (Alinovi et al 2008 and 2010; Mulat and Nugussie 2010). Another strategy is to use observable variable as proxy for resilience (Carter et al., 2006; Keil et al., 2008).
Using the Kenyan integrated household budget survey and Palestinian public perception survey respectively Alinovi et al. (2008 and 2010) estimated resilience as a multidimensional latent variable. The household resilience was considered to be a latent variable defined according to six building blocks; social safety nets, access to public services, assets, income and food access, stability and adaptive capacity. These components are themselves latent variables and are not directly measurable. Therefore, the authors design a two-stage process to
…show more content…
For instance recently Boukary, Diaw and Wünscher, (2016) adopted the strategy to study the factors affecting household resilience to food insecurity in Niger. The authors used Data from the 2010 National Survey on Households’ Vulnerability to Food Insecurity done by the National Institute of Statistics. Using PCA and following Alinovi et el (2008, 2010), the authors estimated household resilience based on four pillars; household asset, adoptive capacity, social safety net and climate change indicators. The rationale of this method is that, resilience is approximated via the index created using
On 02/21/2017, I, Officer Rivera Ayala, responded to the lobby of the Bethalto Police Department in reference to a Domestic Trouble. I met with the complainant, identified as Elaine L. Davison (DOB 07/13/1984). Davison stated that when she got back to her house from running errands, Davison found that somebody had “bleached and messed” her room. Davison stated that she was not sure of who would have done something like this. Davison wanted to have a report on file and for the Police to take pictures of what had happened.
Growing up in a diverse family who finds their roots in Kenya and India, I have come to understand the true meaning of difficulty. From a tender age of five, my parents exposed me to the reality of living in a third world country. Witnessing an overpopulated country with soaring poverty levels that trump advancements in education and underemployment, I
To strengthen resilience, we need to exercise it like a muscle. But to what extent should we exercise resilience and what happens to human emotional wellbeing when the fatigued muscle is overworked? In Anne Petry’s novel, The Street, and Joan Didian’s essay, “Los Angeles Notebook”, the authors both use literary devices to show how adversity can affect people; however, Petry uses imagery of debris, diction that evokes a sense of frustration, and personification that shows the resilience of humans in times of intense, short-term adversity, while Didian uses Imagery that incites an ominous mood, Pathetic fallacy, and syntax that shows how drastically repeated, prolonged adversity can affect people. Petry shows, through the use of imagery, that garbage and debris can symbolize the hardship that each person encounters.
What is social vulnerability? The idea of social vulnerability inside the emergency management setting was first presented in the 1970’s when emergency managers first realized that vulnerability also encompasses socioeconomic influences that negatively impact resiliency to disasters or emergencies. Form the perspective of an emergency manager social vulnerability refers to the socioeconomic and demographic factors that impact the resiliency of individuals, groups or communities. It has been well established that not all classes of individuals living within a disaster area are affected by the disaster in the same way.
World War II, in which the United States was involved from 1941 to 1945, was a welcome distraction from the widespread financial ruin of the Great Depression, despite the death and destruction that it caused. Many Americans, though initially reluctant to join the war for fear of becoming embroiled in an exclusively foreign conflict, became passionate supporters of the war effort after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor. United through patriotism, millions of men and women of all races volunteered to serve in the military. Americans on the home front rallied around the war effort as well, contributing in a variety of ways, including taking jobs in defense industries, conserving food and resources, and recycling items for use in war production.
Households below the poverty line was 6.7 % more likely to suffer from food insecurity as compared to those whose income is above the poverty line (Lombe et al,
Families learn to deal with a crisis by how their parents, and environment have taught them. Some of the things that will encourage a family to foster resilience is issues such as death, divorce, and abuse. For example, in the family belief systems. family resilience is fostered by shared beliefs that
Vulnerable populations are those with a greater risk of developing health conditions. These groups may have difficulty accessing healthcare because of sociocultural status, limited economic resources, geographic, or characteristics such as age, gender (****). This separation puts members of these groups at risk for not obtaining necessary medical care and thus creates a possible threat to their health. Vulnerable populations include some group like chronically ill, people with HIV/AIDS, mentally ill and disabilities, substance abusers and homeless groups population. For example, disadvantaged and poor working individuals who are unable to obtain health care due to their immigrant status also ethnic minority groups, typically discriminated against even though they have successful careers, higher education and
Since the housing crash there have been a number of articles and talking heads lamenting homeownership. The opinion is that it's just not a good investment anymore and for some people homeownership is just not in their best interests. Let's look at this from a long term prospective. Owning a home adds pride for the home owner as well as the neighborhood. You can drive down most streets in most any neighborhood and tell which homes are rented and which are owned by the people living there.
Food Insecurity The continuous increasing demand for the food requires the rapid improvement in food production technology. In a country like Ethiopia, the economy is mainly based on agriculture and the climate conditions are isotropic, still we are not able to make full usage of agricultural resources. The main reason is the lack of rains and scarcity of the land reservoir water in some areas of the country.
Although food is available in the local markets persons especially the vulnerable are unable to purchase the basic food item. Due to the current economic crisis Jamaicans are experiencing some form of loss of income or income generation opportunities or employment are therefore lack the purchasing power needed to access healthy affordable food This lack of access to food can result in hunger (food deprivation), malnutrition (deficiencies, imbalances, or excesses of nutrients), and famine. Hunger has a negative impact on a person’s wellbeing as it reduces natural defences against diseases, which is the main risk factor for illness worldwide. In addition high food price is of utmost concern to
Resilience is the ability to bounce back from adversity or hardship, Debra Oswald was able to express this through the lives of fictitious characters based on real Australian People. She uses themes concerning people marginalised in society, the struggle to achieve one’s dream and the past affect the present, by using these ideas with the diverse cast of characters as well as the range of literary and dramatic techniques, Oswald was able to show how people face adversity and how important it is to have resilience through the engagement of the characters and there development throughout the play. Gary is an average Australian working class man who has been marginalised in society, he lives near the poverty line and struggles everyday to control
Low income housing: Low income housing is a struggle for families who want to live a better lifestyle. There’s needs and wants and when you have low income you don’t have time/or enough money to get the want’s you have to worry if you have enough for monthly rent cause if you but something out of order and you don 't have enough for rent you getting evicted. Just like that so sometimes you gotta be mindful of what you want cause people who have low income paying jobs can’t get the things they want. You also want to be on the lookout for your living conditions because you don’t wanna live in a house where it’s infested with roaches or rodents making your house dirty with bacteria and diseases (Castillo). Another thing is that people who tend
It is an ordinary process for humans to cope up with “demonstrable risks” (Masten, 2001) i.e. threats that have noticeably brought unwanted issues in one’s life. Resilience can be defined on two foundations; risks and positive adaptation. It is a quality of a person to accommodate with unfavorable alterations in life derived as a result of exposure to risks such as financial crisis, divorce, health problems or disaster. Therefore, resilience cannot exist in absence of risks.
Literature Review: Theoretical Approaches, Empirical Studies, Analytical Concepts and Legal Frameworks Theoretical Approaches towards food security With respect to the theoretical approaches to food security, there are three theories developed in 1970s and 1980s as cause to food insecurity. The first one is Climate theory; this theory explains food insecurity as caused by climatic phenomena. Cox, related this theory with the concept of “famine belt” in which he directly links climate condition to food insecurity. This theory argued that in the national or local level, climate linked phenomena such as drought, floods and others are a major factor causing food insecurity (Cox, 1981, cited in Steven Engler,