How Did Andrew Carnegie Use Vertical Integration

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You might be wondering how someone of Carnegie’s background became so successful; it was not, opposite to what some might believe, because he worked rightfully.
As a starting note, Andrew Carnegie attempted to control as much of the steel industry as possible by using “vertical integration”, a method that resulted in him buying out his suppliers (coal fields, iron mines, ore freighters, and rail lines) in order to control materials and transportation. This later meant that his cost of production would decrease exponentially and he would be able to produce a greater quantity of steel for a much lower price as he now owned all the necessary equipment to make high-quality steel.
Moreover, Carnegie not only succeeded at buying his suppliers but

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