Geography and Its Vital Effects during the American Revolution
What is the most important factor to winning a war? Is it the army, the country, or the leader? No, it’s actually none of those. It’s geography that is the most important! The side with the better geographical features usually ends up winning. Geography has proven important in each of the battles throughout the American Revolutionary War. The various rivers the Americans had to cross are the reason behind their defeat in the Battle of Quebec. Whereas, the highland and marshy grounds that the British had to navigate through helped the Americans win the Battle of Cowpens. For the British, the lowland river that the British had to traverse made them lose the Battle of Lexington and
…show more content…
In the Battle of Quebec, Americans mainly lost because of the St. Charles and the St. Lawrence rivers and the Plains of Abraham they had to cross to get to Quebec. In the Battle of Cowpens, the Americans won because of the highlands they captured and the marshy swamps the British had to cross. In the Battle of Lexington and Concord, the British lost because they had to cross a lowland bridge in which the Americans can view them from above. As shown in these battles, geography can have a great effect on their outcome. This has affected all wars, modern and ancient, in a way that different armies will force the opposing side to go through different obstacles such as mountains or rivers in order to exhaust the opponent and make them win the battle …show more content…
“Battle of Quebec (1775).” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009, www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/battle-of-quebec-1775.
“Battle of Quebec 1775” British Battles, www.britishbattles.com/war-of-the-revolution-1775-to-1783/battle-of-quebec-1775/.
Burton, James. “Battle of Quebec - The American Revolutionary War.” WorldAtlas, 6 Jan. 2016, www.worldatlas.com/articles/battle-of-quebec-the-american-revolutionary-war.html.
“Battle of Cowpens.” British Battles, www.britishbattles.com/war-of-the-revolution-1775-to-1783/battle-of-cowpens/.
“Battle of Cowpens.” Ducksters Educational Site, www.ducksters.com/history/american_revolution/battle_of_cowpens.php.
“Cowpens.” Civil War Trust, Civil War Trust, www.civilwar.org/learn/revolutionary-war/battles/cowpens.
“The Battle of Cowpens: The Battle Geography.” National Parks Service, U.S. Department of the Interior, www.nps.gov/cowp/learn/education/classrooms/the-battle-of-cowpens-the-battle-geography.htm.
“United States History.” Battle of Lexington and Concord, www.u-s-history.com/pages/h654.html.
History.com Staff. “Battles of Lexington and Concord.” History.com, A&E Television Networks, 2009,
The scope of the American army victory is clear by a few key facts. The first fact is the divide-and-conquer strategy that General Burgoyne presented to British ministers in London was to invade America territory from Canada by advancing down the Hudson Valley waterways, unite and capture Albany, New York. As General Burgoyne march forces towards Albany, his supply lines from Canada would become longer and less reliable. Enabling him to attack a substantial supply depot at Bennington, Vermont, alleged to be lightly guarded and costing the captured of almost 500 British soldiers. In addition, General William Howe had his own plans to invade Pennsylvania and decides to attack the Colonial rebel capital at Philadelphia, taking the capital, rather than deploying his army to meet up with General Burgoyne and cut off New England from the other Colonies.
The Battle of Picacho Pass. (2013). Retrieved March 19, 2018, from http://www.americancivilwar101.com/battles/620415-picacho-pass.html The Battle of Picacho Pass, Visiting the Battlefield and Historic Site. (2003).
This historical study will define the major failures of the British strategy to divide New England from the Southern states during the Hudson Valley Campaign of 1777. General John Burgoyne’s strategy of a northerly invasion of New England was meant to control the Hudson Valley region in order to isolate the colonial forces from assistance from the south. Burgoyne’s initial victory over General Horatio Gates forces at the Battle of Freeman's Farm on September 19th, allowed him a small degree of success over the colonists. However, the ever-increasing size of the American military and the lack of British reinforcements from the south isolated Burgoyne’s forces in a defeat at the Battle of Bemis Heights on October 7th. Therefore, the Saratoga
After all, they had more troops and they were better trained. There were many factors, though, that led to their defeat. Just like in the Revolutionary War, the British underestimated the Americans, and that was their main issue. Arrogance was a factor in this. Admiral Cochrane, for example, would not accept his men’s plan of how to move the barges from the bayou and instead wasted days executing his plan of how to do it (128).
During the Revolutionary War the British were the strongest naval and land force in the world. This was due to their ability to expertly fight by lining up and firing directly at each other. From the day that America signed the Declaration of Independence to the very end of the Revolutionary War the colonists and General Washington had to use different strategies to defeat the British. The first example of his unconventional methods was at the battle of Yorktown. General Washington and the French had General Cornwallis trapped by land and sea and they forced him to surrender.
Lieutenant Thomas Macdonough’s victory at the Battle of Lake Champlain on 11 September 1814 was the decisive battle that secured an American victory in the War of 1812 by causing the British to withdraw from the north east and Chesapeake Bay. Without Macdonough’s genius strategy, the British would have secured Lake Champlain, taken Fort McHenry at Plattsburgh, and kept control in the Chesapeake Bay, which in turn would have resulted in a British victory of the war. After two years into the war, the British maintained the upper hand. Despite major naval victories by Chauncey and Perry at Lake Erie and Lake Ontario, the British still held a blockade across the east coast of the United States.
Starting in 1764, friction arose between the American colonists and Great Britain lasting a lengthy amount of time. The superior Great Britain enacted several measures to raise profit from the thirteen 13 colonies causing resentment from the settlers. Rising protests and resistance led to a rebellion of the American colonists. The rebellion led to the battles of Lexington and Concord to break out on April 19, 1775. British troops are sent to confiscate American weaponry in Massachusetts, where they run into a militia of minutemen.
After Lexington and Concord, America spiraled into a losing streak, and were running out of options. Then, Washington and his soldiers came up with a winning idea. The continental army would cross the Delaware river on the night of Christmas, in the hopes of the British soldiers all being fast asleep from the celebrating the night before. Moreover, during the 1700s war was very different, battles tended to be fought face to face, and not during the winter, so the Americans were throwing a total wildcard at Britain. As you can imagine, the result of the war was an American victory, and many refer to this battle as the turning point of the war.
The thirty-two years between 1759 and 1791 serve to be the most important and defining period in Canadian history. It is during this time when the British conquest of New France occurs, the Quebec Act comes into effect and the first step towards Canadian confederation is taken with the proclamation of the Constitutional Act. It is also during this time when the American Revolution takes place and essentially results in the creation of two countries: the United States of America and Canada. The Revolution triggers the mass exodus of more than 80,000 refugees out of the Thirteen Colonies, half of who migrate primarily into Quebec, the Maritimes and Ontario. The influx of the United Empire Loyalists immediately boosts Canada’s population and forever
The battle of Quebec (Dec. 31, 1775) (www.history.com) was a big victory for America; it ended the “Snow Campaign” in Canada and it downed many British forces in the occupied territory. The “Snow Campaign” was the first major military operation for the 13 colonies. This battle was the last one in that operation for after this battle Colonel Benedict Arnold went to West Point where he talked with the British and told them that they could take over West Point. He did this because he was not promoted to
In two of the three key battles mentioned George Washington was the commander and led the U.S. to victory, after the war George Washington resigned his commission. The peace treaty signed in Paris ended the conflict of the war and the British left the U.S. in defeat taking all that supported Great
The harbors, bays, and rivers could all be used as transportation hubs for troops and supplies in order to protect our most useful resources. Because of the moderate climate, the soldiers would use less of their energy during battle. The economic characteristics of the middle colonies could be of great use during the war with France. The benefits of resources include lumber and iron to build weapons.
“Let us be French, let us be english, but most importantly let us be Canadian.” This is a quote by John A. Macdonald from about 150 years ago and he was the first Prime Minister of Canada and had a political career which spanned for almost half a century. He also set a legacy that keeps our country together and united. One of the major events that happened that I will discuss is responsible government because it was a big part of history, was important to the people and it was an executive or Cabinet that would be dependent on the support of an elected assembly. But even before responsible government was created there was a lot of conflict between the British and the French which led to a few important events.
The Battle of Saratoga in September and October of 1777 is the turning point of the Revolutionary War because the French joined with allies, British troops surrendered their arms, and the Patriots had crucial victories. It was a victory for the Patriots in the American Revolution and is the most decisive battles in history. The Battle began as a plan by the British to control New York and isolate New England from the Southern colonies and put an end to the Revolution. Which ended as an opportunity for the Patriots.
The Revolutionary War happened form 1775-1783. One of the first major events of the Revolutionary War was the Battles of Lexington and Concord. Hundreds of British troops attacked the colonists’ military stores in Concord on April 18, 1775. The result of this battle was the British lost and were removed from Boston; however they did win the Battle of Lexington. Another major event was when the Declaration of Independence was established.