In 330 A.D. a Roman emperor named Constantinople founded a city named Constantinople on the old Greek city of Byzantium. This city expanded into the Byzantine Empire, a continuation of the Roman Empire in Eastern Europe even after the Western Roman Empire fell. During the entire span of the Byzantine Empire, there were several emperors that influenced the empire, but one emperor, Justinian I, is widely acknowledged as the greatest Byzantine emperor. Very little is known about Justinian's early life, as he was born to a Latin-speaking peasant family in Tauresium, which is now the Republic of Macedonia. His mother was the sister of a Excubitor, (the Imperial Bodyguard) Justin. Justin adopted his nephew and brought him to Constantinople, where …show more content…
He was also well known for judicial reforms, such as the Codex Justinianus, a single text that combined legal notes, commentaries, and laws of the Roman legal system. Though he was not active in fighting, Justinian did lead military conquests, beginning in the east. The Iberian War was fought between the Byzantines and the Sassanian Empire over control of the kingdom Iberia. Once the war concluded in 532, Justinian the turned his attention to the western Mediterranean, where for the following twenty years, his armies, led by the general Belisarius, regained what was once the territory of the western Roman Empire. Many of the people were unhappy with the Codex Justinianus and started a rebellion called the Nika Riot. During this time, Justinian considered leaving the capital, but stayed by Theodora's urging. The riots were stopped by the generals Belisarius and Mundus in 532, but many religious and political centres had been burned down. Following the riots, Justinian started a campaign to rebuild and remake Constantinople. One of biggest success of this program was the rebuilding of the Hagia Sophia, which had been burned down. The church's designers, Anthemius of Tralles and Isidorus of Miletus had training in mathematics, physics, and engineering led to building a revolutionary, new cathedral who's domed roofs and great structure set a
Rome was once the most powerful empire in the world. It expanded and changed leaders almost constantly, but there were a few figures in Roman history who made a huge impact. Together, Caesar, the Gracchus brothers, and Jesus, permanently affected the Roman government, economy, and created a whole new religion. These four men were instrumental to the development of Rome.
There were two major civilizations for Christianity, which was Byzantium and the Roman Empire, both splitting in a feud between several arguments. The Roman Empire eventually collapsed, yet the Byzantium with Orthodox Christianity survived and lived on. Byzantium spread their influence to places like the Balkans, and especially western Russia. The capital of Byzantium was Constantinople, built by a foundation of a town called Byzantium. This capital, at the times when both the Roman Empire and Byzantium were parts of each other, was where new, separate eastern emperors ruled.
1) What did the holy city of Jerusalem represent for Christians, Jews, and Muslims? Jerusalem represents and holds different historic and religious symbols to different religious groups. To the Christians, Jerusalem is the place where Jesus was crucified. Jerusalem holds the temple which has great religious importance to the Jews.
The Byzantium empire was the prolongation of the Roman empire in the East throughout the Middle ages which came to power by the establishment of the city Constantinople in 324 AD. The Byzantium empire lasted for as long as a thousand years and its capital Constantinople was considered one of the greatest cites of the world. The Byzantium empire and China shared many similarities and differences about the divinity of its leaders, the bureaucratic class, and the peasant class. The Byzantine political system shared numerous resemblances of the initial patterns of China.
As her father was in power the empire was on its decline and was being threatened from all sides. The Turks were attacking in the East, the Normans from the West, and the Sithian raiders from up North. Anna speaks of all the harsh battles her dad worked diligently through in an attempt to gain the empire back, in the process forming a very rocky alliance with the crusaders. In terms of their religious status the Byzantine people identified themselves as Christians as much as they identified themselves as Romans, the faith these people had was deep and intense. In this time period church and state were linked to an extreme degree, and being heavily involved in the church was the most essential part of their lives.
Justinian and Theodora - The Emperor Justinian reconquered western rome from the barbarians. The areas Justinian reconquered Western Rome are Italy, South Spain, and North Africa. He took Rome back for Ostrogoths. Emperor Justinian ordered to compile and simplify Roman laws are Greek and Latin scholars, Codex Justinian/Justinian Code.
Theodosius the Great, was Roman Emperor from 379 to 395. Theodosius was the last emperor to rule over both the eastern and the western halves of the Roman Empire. On accepting his elevation, he campaigned against Goths and other barbarians who had invaded the Empire; he failed to kill, expel, or entirely subjugate them, and after the Gothic War they established a homeland south of the Danube, in Illyricum, within the empire 's borders. He fought two destructive civil wars, in which he defeated the usurpers Magnus Maximus and Eugenius at great cost to the power of the Empire.
At the beginning of its decline, Diocletian split the empire into two parts, effectively cutting off the Eastern side of the empire from picking itself up and plunging it into the dark ages. The western side of the empire, later called Byzantine, which continued to be ruled by Diocletian, began to pick itself back up and flourish with Constantinople being its capital. The crusades were fought, in an attempt by the Christians/Franks under Pope Urban ll to reclaim the holy lands from Muslims. The Muslims’ goal was also to expand their religion. Both sides used similar tactics in order to fight.
The Byzantines had a major impact on Christianity. " The Byzantines withstood years of siege by the Arabs hitherto considered irresistible, and in doing so … saved Western Civilization." (A Short History of Byzantium, Document A). There were early attacks on Constantinople that the Byzantines were able to hold off.
According to Wikipedia “After the three good Emperors, the remaining Emperors ruled badly and again wasted a lot of money and soldiers. In the west, the Europeans betrayed the Byzantines and attacked their capital, Constantinople. The Byzantines lost their capital in 1204 and they did not take it back until 1261. The Byzantines were then divided into many smaller Greek states that were fighting with each other for the throne of the Empire. ”Therefore which means that we don’t need to study byzantine because Byzantine empire collapsed by himself.
"In Sicily and throughout the Mediterranean, Byzantine arms were less successful, but, thanks to Photius’s diplomatic skill, the see of Constantinople maintained its position against Rome during the so-called Photian Schism" (“Byzantine Empire”). Photius’s skills as a diplomatic leader ensured a fewer amount of conflicts. The Byzantine Empire was able to save lots of money instead of going to war, which gave the empire more resources to develop trade. Above many other areas of potential focus, “Foreign relations and skillful diplomacy became of paramount importance for the Byzantines” (“Byzantine Empire”). The Byzantine Empire was put at a disadvantage due to their lack of arms.
In the realm of art, both the Byzantines and the Mayans produced great works of architecture and simple arts. In both societies, architecture served a religious and social purpose. Justinian I sponsored the building of massive palaces and the Hagia Sophia (a church in present-day Istanbul). The Mayans built massive palaces, temples, and pyramids. Both Mayan and Byzantine artisans produced great works of pottery and literature (to name a few).
The history book Lost to the West: The Forgotten Byzantine Empire That Rescued Western Civilization by Lars Brownworth is about the Roman Empire from the time it was created to the time it fell. This book includes the main and important people and events that make up the history of the Roman empire. In the book Lars wrote “ This book is my small attempt to redress that situation, to give voice to a people who have remained voiceless far too long. It’s intended to whet the appetite, to expose the reader to the vast sweep of Byzantine history, and to put flesh and sinew on their understanding of the East and the West” (p. xviii). The author states that the purpose of the book is to expose the reader to Byzantine history, to give the reader a
01.05 The Byzantines: Assessment A. 1. How would you name the school? What would be its mascot? Explain your choices.
Without him the empire could not function; starvation among the people led to their migration. By the end of the 1400’s, the only existing thing left of Constantinople were the