Since 1808, King Dom João VI was ruling and residing in Brazil. He turned the country in one of the Kingdoms of the United Kingdom of Portugal. After some years, he gave his son, Dom Pedro, the authority to take the king's place and govern Brazil in case of going away or death. In 1820, a Constitutional Revolution happened in Portugal, which means that the way of ruling would change. Because of this event, the Constituent Assembly, also known as the Cortes, happened, and demanded King Dom João VI to return to Portugal. The king left the brazilian territory during 1821, leaving everything in his son's hand. Portugal started giving Brazil's province, money. With this, Dom Pedro was left only with Rio de Janeiro to govern. After being put aside,
Forey question the existence of Pedro Henriques, the supposed brother of the King. Forey is unable to substantiate the existence of Pedro the brother who is the dominate person mentioned in letter 308. According to the letter, Pedro will arrive in Lisbon with the northern fleet and rid the peninsula of Muslim invaders. In order to support his case against the authenticity of the letter, Forey eludes to another confusing aspect and that is whether King Alfonso had an illegitimate son named Pedro. Citing evidence that Alfonso and Queen Taresa had a daughter also named Taresa.
Groups adapted to this new Iberian culture and used it to defend their own self interests. Native nobles in particular used their power as the cabildo in order to create laws that protected their own interests. One example where native nobles created laws to protect themselves was with the sale over noble land. As Iberians began to integrate into their new lands, nobles found it difficult to maintain their lands and were forced to sell it to the Spanish. The nobles wrote in their declaration, “ Lordly houses are going… to ruin.
The article informs the public about the impeachment proceedings that are facing Brazilian President Dilma Rousseff…the leader of the largest economy within Latin America. The court has found President Rousseff’s administration with violations upon the fiscal responsibility laws, of which she has used the money from state-created banks to fill the budget gaps and pay for social programs. If the impeachment passes within the House, President Rousseff will be temporarily removed from office for six months, of which will allow the Senate a decent amount of time to decide upon permanent removal of President Rousseff. This becomes an stronger issue, as the President (of which nearly won her re-election last year) is facing a degrading view upon her image if she is found guilty. However, their is hope for President Rousseff.
The American, Haitian, and French revolutions brought unrest in the Atlantic world and generated significant impacts in Latin America during the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. The Creoles and Mestizos in Latin America became wary after the French government overthrown by the slaves. Most importantly, colonies opposed the ascendance of the new Spanish king when Napoleon crowned his brother Joseph on the throne. As Spain’s power weakened, the colonies slowly disconnected with the Spanish rule and began to call for independence.
Saint Domingue was one of the richest colonies of the Americas during the late eighteenth century. Its extravagance resulted from their large production of highly demanded coffee, cotton, and sugar, which heavily depended on strict slave regime. Slaves, many whom were African born, made up the vast majority of the population and suffered poor working and living conditions. The anger of slaves caused the Haitian Revolution, which would lead to Haiti freeing itself from its oppressor and becoming an independent republic in the Caribbean. The Haitian Revolution created a profound effect not only the former French colony, but also acted as a leader for reformation around the world.
Latin American independence was a fight for freedom from Spain. Between 1810 and 1826, revolutions all across Latin America broke out because of Spain 's control over the colonies. Simon Bolivar and Jose de San Martin, both men from the Creole class, were two key leaders in the struggle for independence. The Creoles are descendants of French, Spanish, or Portuguese settlers living in the West Indies and Latin America. The Creoles believed they could run the government better, protect their economic interest, and that the revolution was spinning out of their control.
By winning independence from Spain, many creoles thought that they could achieve power over Latin America. The Peninsulares who were all-Spanish were hated by the Creoles. The Peninsulares “monopolized all administrative positions(Doc B)”, making it impossible for the Creoles to rule the country that they were born in. The Creoles felt that they were the best fit for
The potency that once belonged to the Monarchy had shifted over to the Parliament by the time he came into
In Latin American Revolution before the revolution there were four main social classes; on the bottom there were the slaves and the Indians, then there were the Mulattoes (who were of African and Spanish descent) and the Mestizos (who were of Spanish and Native American descent), then the Creoles (who were of pure Spanish blood, but were born in America), and at the very top there were the Peninsulares (they were of pure Spanish descent and were born in Spain). The Creoles lead the fight against Spain because they wanted higher social status within their own lives, more political control over their own lives, and they were tired of Spain having total control over their economy. The Creoles weren 't allowed to do many things simply because they were born in America and not Spain, it didn’t matter that they were of pure European descent. Creoles were not allowed to hold political positions, only the Peninsulares were able to. For example, in 1807 only 12 of the 199 judgeships were held by Creoles, the rest were held by Peninsulares.
The liberal revolution, echo of the Spanish revolution, called Portugal. King Juan, leaves in charge of his son Pedro, but not before suggesting that the best option for Brazil and mainly for them, would be to head the possible emancipatory movements that arise so that in this way they can ensure the permanence of the Braganza dynasty in front of Brazil. Extraordinarily calm, compared to the storms of the independence of neighboring countries, Brazil had, however, its internal problems. The Bay suffered a deep economic
Napoleon was able to dissolve the Directory and name himself the first consul of France. Although he did not have the confidence of the people, he was able to form a new banking system and a new was of collecting taxes. He led the army into many victories and helped to spread the ideas of the Enlightenment. The end of the French Revolution brought hope to other countries that they should fight for what they believed in, including Venezuela. After the capture of King Ferdinand VII, Spain gained leadership over Venezuela, not letting the hacendados keep their original rule.
Under Toussaint L'Ouverture’s leadership In 1804, Haiti became the first Latin American nation to gain independence, following a violent slave revolt led by Toussaint L'ouverture on the French colony of Saint-Domingue. The victors abolished slavery. Haitian independence inspired independence movements in Spanish America. This caused many of the other latin american colonies to revolt against their oppressive leaders.
Similar leaders arose in Latin America including Miguel Hidalgo of Mexico, Toussaint L'ouverture of Haiti, Pedro I of Brazil, and Simon Bolivar “The Liberator” who helped free many colonized countries of Latin America including Colombia, Venezuela, and Ecuador. The most similar of the group may have been Bolivar and Robespierre, both of which were powerful revolutionists who helped unify the lower classes in effort to use their power to overthrow the standing monarchy. Also, the success of both leaders led them to a time where they used their power for violence. Robespierre began to act as a dictator, executing nobles and people against his cause. Bolivar used a very similar
After exploring the hidden truths behind the culture, I have discovered this: The cultural identity of the Brazilian community is far more diverse and dynamic than what is portrayed in society and the media. One of the most important contributing aspects to a community’s culture is its history. Brazil was discovered by Pedro Álvares Cabral on April 22,1500. From that point on, the Portuguese ruled over this land, focusing greatly on its vast sugar-cane plantations.