How Did Mesopotamia Develop

For a long time, Babylon was the largest city in the world. The population was up to about 200,000 people. For centuries it also remained the center for trade and religion. Babylon’s fame was probably caused by it’s leaders. One leader that made a huge impact on Babylon was King Hammurabi. He was probably Babylon 's greatest leader of the Old Babylonian time. He reigned from around 1792-1750 BCE. His first years were not very encouraging, probably because he was focusing on internal administration. He is mostly known for his famous code laws. He was the sixth Amorite king of Babylon in the first dynasty. Babylon became the powerful city we know later in his reign. Shamshi-Adad, who was also an Amorite, was actually the dominant personality at

Pharaohs during the 30th dynasty maintained Egypt’s independence. During this time they were still battling the Persians in alliance with the Sparta and Athens. Egypt tried to reassemble the new kingdom by invading Syria. After many attempts the Persians finally reconquered Egypt (341B.C.). The Persians did not rule Egypt for very long. In 332 B.C, Alexander the great conquered Egypt, this was part of his plan to take over the Persians. The Egyptians thought that he would give them back there independence, but unfortunately he didn’t. After the death of Alexander a man named Ptolemy ruled. He made sure that many knew that the Greeks had conquered Egypt. In 50 B.C the Ptolenies Greek kings of Egypt were weakening in power, and with the help

Ancient Mesopotamia had four first cities: Sumer, Uruk, Ur, and Babylon. Sumer is located in modern day Iraq. The people of Sumer are known as Sumerians. Sumerians built many cities and because they lacked stone and timber they used mud bricks to build with instead. They influenced many cities with their arches, ramps, columns and pyramid shaped ziggurat (Document 1). They also developed the world 's first known form of writing called cuneiform. They used clay tablets to write on (Document 1). Uruk is one of the most important cities in Ancient Mesopotamia. The reason for this is because, the origin of writing originated here. The city of Ur was a very important trade center. The last city is perhaps the most famous city out of all of them, Babylon. The name Babylon means “Gate of the Gods”. This city is known for its impressive walls and buildings. Another reason is because of a man named Hammurabi, he was the king. He created one of the earliest written set of laws, called the Code of Hammurabi. In these laws covered almost everything that affected his community. Hammurabi created these laws because he wanted his empire to be unified and to provide protection for the weak (Document

They had fallen under the persistent attacks of nomads from southern and eastern lands. Not to mention the steadily emerging Axum Kingdom in Ethiopia that challenged the Kush Kingdom and eventually contributed to its demise. After a thousand years, by 2000 BCE, Nubia gradually evolved, it became larger and more powerful than ever. Nubia became known as the Kingdom of Kush. The people of this kingdom traded ivory and other treasures from southern Africa with the peoples who lived further north. Around 1500 BCE Egyptian leaders sent armies that would overpower Kush. For nearly 500 years, Kush would be controlled by the Egyptians. The Kush people were forced to pay the Pharaoh a tribute. Eventually, however, around 1000 BCE Kush gained enough power to turn the tables on Egypt. The Kush people had gained their freedom from the Egyptians. In 724 BCE, a very large and well trained Kushite army was able to rise and invade Egypt. They gained control over

From 1500 Through 550 B.C where was the Hittites, Assyrians, and the Persians were established. The Hittites discovered smelting, iron made stronger and more durable tools and weapons, and how the use of horse traveling started. The Assyrians formed militarism, had an empire reach from Persian gulf to the Nile river, and this lead to the first universal empired formed. The Persians spanned countless lands from Persian gulf to Nile river, and started a new language for people.

The Assyrians held a huge obsession with war and because of this, many casualties resulted leading to their downfall. Due to the many causalities, their numbers begin to dwindle and outsiders began to see this as an opputunity to attack and take over. In the end, they were in such a weakened state that, they eventually were defeated by the people of Babylon and they were no longer an independent state.

The Egyptian Middle Kingdom and Babylonia had many similarities related in geography. Despite this they also had numerous distinct differences. Fundamental similarities manifested as care for the people by the rulers which had recently developed in both societies. As the rulers were no longer concerned with only themselves, but the citizens as well. Both societies had military protection although Babylon organized and conquered the Fertile Crescent and later Egypt. Politically, both cultures respected the other as equals and engaged in trade. The Middle Kingdom acknowledged that they were no longer entirely in control of all resources. Socially writing was excellent between the two kingdoms. Under Hammurabi the Babylonians had a set of laws, and the Egyptians excelled at writing.

In Mesopotamia they had new inventions. For example they had the wheel, the sail, and the plow. In Egypt they had came up with the idea of pyramids. The pyramids were built by slaves and other workers. The pyramids were made for the Pharaohs or the Egyptian god-kings. In India they a plumbing and a sewage system. The reason why these inventions go into the economic category is because not every single person had these. Mostly the people who were wealthy could take advantage of these opportunities. In Egypt only the wealthy people and the Pharaohs got pyramids. In Mesopotamia the main thing people did was farm. They were the first people to use the irrigation system. That is why in Mesopotamia they had a surplus of crops. In Egypt they did a lot of mining. They found things like gold and turned it into jewelry. In India they did a lot of engineering. For example they used engineering to build their cities. One economic similarity that these civilizations have is trade. In Mesopotamia they used the Tigris and Euphrates river to trade with neighboring civilizations. In Egypt they used the Nile river to trade with other civilizations. In India they used the Indus and the Ganges river to trade. They traded things that they had a lot of and in return they got things that they didn 't have, Another similarity these civilizations had was that they all had a writing system. In Mesopotamia they had the cuneiform. The cuneiform was a system of writing that was on clay tablets. In Egypt they had hieroglyphics. Hieroglyphics were basically simple pictographs. In India the writing system has not been discovered yet. ”In contrast to cuneiform and hieroglyphics, the Harappan language has been impossible to decipher” (Beck 48) The writing would be an economical characteristic since not every single person was able to learn the writing systems. For example the poor people were not able to learn

The Babylonian Empire was very strong because of its firm and effective government. Although the rulers of Babylonia were emperors, they didn’t always acts like tyrants or dictators, but rather worked to preserve order and peace throughout

In Ancient Mesopotamia the people formed the government, technology, and religion that has exceedingly influenced our daily life. The Sumerians developed the first human civilization in world history. They lived in southern Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers in the Middle East. The Sumerians created governments that helped rule the city-states, the technology that made numerous contribution to their civilization, and religion that they worshiped.

Neo-Assyria was a powerful empire that ruled from 911-611 BCE. The Neo-Assyrians ruled harshly. They used deportations, propagandas, forced labor, and a strict hierarchy to control and expand their empire. Neo-Assyria was divided into two parts and each were ruled differently. The people of the Yoke of Ashur were conquered peoples, locally ruled, and had to pay tribute to the king. The people of the Land of Ashur were Assyrians, ruled by the king's governors, and gave food to the god Ashur. The primary sources Sargon II of Assyria-Record of His Deeds, When Sennacherib's Forces Met Hezekiah, and Banquet of Ashurnasirpal II reveal the strategies that the Neo-Assyrians used to form their strong empire.

The Neo-Assyrian Empire was an Iron Age Mesopotamian empire, in existence between 911 and 609 BC.[1] Following the reforms of Tiglath-Pileser III in the 8th century BC, Assyria emerged as the most powerful state of the Ancient Near East, eclipsing Babylonia and Egypt.[2][3] The Neo-Assyrian Empire succeeded the Middle Assyrian period of the Late Bronze Age. During this period, Aramaic was also made an official language of the empire, alongside the Akkadian

Northern Mesopotamia was in control of the Assyrians, while the south was in the hands of the Babylonians. Shamsi-Abad was the leader of the Assyrians. Shamsi-Abad was the reason the Assayrians became wealthy, and were able to gain control over the north of Mesopotamia. When Shamsi died during 1781 BC the empire began to weaken, and eventually fell into the control of the Babylonian Empire. Their cities were extremely powerful, and had tall walls to combat them during fights, in addition to multiple canals, and aqueducts for water, and lavish palaces for their kings. (Ken,2015).

They had fallen under the persistent attacks of nomads from southern and eastern lands. Not to mention the steadily emerging Axum Kingdom in Ethiopia that challenged the Kush Kingdom and eventually contributed to its demise. After a thousand years, by 2000 BCE, Nubia gradually evolved, it became larger and more powerful than ever. Nubia became known as the Kingdom of Kush. The people of this kingdom traded ivory and other treasures from southern Africa with the peoples who lived further north. Around 1500 BCE Egyptian leaders sent armies that would overpower Kush. For nearly 500 years, Kush would be controlled by the Egyptians. The Kush people were forced to pay the Pharaoh a tribute. Eventually, however, around 1000 BCE Kush gained enough power to turn the tables on Egypt. The Kush people had gained their freedom from the Egyptians. In 724 BCE, a very large and well trained Kushite army was able to rise and invade Egypt. They gained control over

In the time period of 1792 B.C., the world suddenly began approaching its new era of exploration and encounter. People were becoming to realize the importance of a strong and settled empire. It was about time; after all, the city wasn’t reaching its full potential it had. After the sorrow death of King Sun-Muballit, a new leader would come in and take his place and perhaps follow his footsteps. “This leader was the oldest son of Sun-Muballit and would be the sixth king that has taken power over the small city-state, Babylon.” ( King, Page 1) This powerful king was named Hammurabi. Hammurabi was born and raised in Babylon, the land found between the Euphrates River and Tigris River, which is known as Iraq today. Hammurabi came from a loyal family,