The First Fleet is known today as the first eleven ships that carried the convicts that are now recognised as the Founders of Australia. (Hill, 2008.) In 1787, 1500 criminals were shipped off to the land of Australia found by Captain James Cook, from Portsmouth, England. The voyage was nearly 20,900 kilometres and it took 252 days. The European settlers, had a significant impact on the land and people of Australia, including the introduction of disease, convict labour, and malnutrition. One of the impacts of the European settlers landing in Australia was convict labour. Governor Philip founded a system of labour in which people were employed according to their skills. Jobs included brick makers, carpenters, nurses, servants, cattlemen, shepherds …show more content…
The diseases brought by the Europeans included smallpox, tuberculosis, influenza, measles, whooping cough and the common cold. The consequences of these diseases for the recipients were deadly and life threatening, especially since a common cold was extremely difficult for these people to overcome. A year after the First Fleet arrived, in 1789, a smallpox outbreak killed numbers of the Indigenous people that lived in the area that we know today as Sydney. (Carter, 2005.) The disease spread to surrounding communities and the number of victims increased rapidly. As the settlement in Australia continued to grow, the numbers of Indigenous Australians drastically reduced. This occurred because they had never been exposed to such diseases before and their immune systems were too weak to fight the harsh sicknesses. Because of this, a ridiculous number of deaths arose. (Moore, 2008.) The remaining people were devastated by the huge numbers of deaths in their communities. Indigenous people tried to use their traditional medicines to fight the different diseases but this proved unsuccessful, as not only were the medicines not strong enough, but the European settlers had destroyed many of the resources normally found on the land that were used for illness relief. (History …show more content…
The population began to fall into two categories: those who worked for the settlers, and those who tried to maintain their traditional lifestyle. (Migration Heritage, 2015.) The European settlement created new industries on the land they claimed which required workers. Government-run businesses created positions for Indigenous people. These people worked and in return, received food as pay. Now, it is thought that as the workers were being paid in food, famine wouldn't be a problem but this was incorrect. This food was often inadequate compared to the traditional diets of the people. Flour, sugar, tea and sometimes bits of meat were what they received as payment for a day's work. These rations were poor and for some if they were lucky, it supplemented other food that they still found on the land, while for others this was all they had. The loss of land to the Europeans meant Indigenous people were no longer able to hunt and gather food. Nature which was also a food source such as trees and plants were removed or destroyed. Waterways were polluted by the manure from large animals. This reduced the amount of food they could receive, collect and obtain which led to famine and starvation in some of the more remote areas. Indigenous people were lucky if they lived in fertile areas near the coast as these areas had
In 1850’s The White Australian Policy began to try and create anun-racial Australia. It was used against anyone who was non-European and those who were different colour races by refusing to allow them to enter the country. This policy succeeded and continued until the end of World War II. After WW2, Australia could no longer hold its position of isolation from the rest of the world. The war produced a refugee crisis that drove Central Europeans from a decimated Europe.
The 1788 colonisation at Sydney cove, disrupted trade and access to natural resources and impacted the Gameraigal way of life. Between 1790 and 1820 the colony expanded into the Gameraigal lands. Diseases such as small pox and gonorrhoea decimated the aboriginal population and a lack of common cultural understanding fuelled heavy conflict in the area. Many who survived became displaced from their traditional homes or integrated into European society. Alcohol and tobacco compounded problems further, and by the 1860’s aboriginal people were only occasional visitors to North Sydney.
Though Columbus wanted to set up factories, or trading outposts in the early 1500s to produce profit, the native’s cultural lack of trade necessitated capitalistic innovation. The mines were the answer to this dilemma, as they were not sites of trade but of production. By enslaving the aboriginals and forcing them to mine for gold, the colonists could obtain their precious metals and sell them for a profit. The violent and harsh working conditions, however, led to mass depopulation through death and emigration. In tandem with the difficult conditions of labor, disease spread throughout the indigenous populations and augmented their suffering and eventual demise.
Arthur Phillip was born on the 11th of October 1738 and he was a Royal Navy officer, the first Governor of New South Wales and led the colonisation of what is now called Australia. He then founded the British penal colony that later became the city of Sydney. The arrival of the Second and Third Fleets placed new pressures on the scarce local resources, but by the time Arthur sailed home in December 1792, the colony was taking shape, with official land-grants and efficient farming and water-supply. Phillip retired in 1805, but he continued to correspond with his friends in New South
During the time of the Industrial Revolution the British Empire (as well as the French and Spanish, to name a few) was expanding. People no longer felt confused by their locality, but rather were inclined to travel. As Source B shows the image of the ship, around 11 000 000 slaves who were housing convicts, were forcibly removed from their countries from around 1500 to the 1850’s. However, some people also wanted to move to have a better lifestyle for themselves and their children. This therefore colonised Australia because most of the convicts were transported to other countries including Australia, America, Canada and South Africa.
According to Tech Insider, “Of the estimated 250,000 natives in Hispaniola, Columbus' first stop in the Americas in 1492, new infectious diseases wiped out a staggering 236,000 indigenous people by 1517 — nearly 95% of their population.” The Native Americans weren’t used to these diseases, so they had little to no immunity. Because they had no immunity to these new diseases, the Indians were dying very quickly. Some of these diseases were the measles, influenza, scarlet fever, and smallpox. Smallpox was especially devastating to the Native American population, and it killed many Indians.
During World War 2 (1939 – 1945), Australia had a variety of impacts on both its government and its people. The war had a great effect on the place of indigenous people in Australia as indigenous men and women joined services throughout the country. The Aboriginal Australians, both the men and the women had contributed in the second Great War. Meanwhile, when the Aboriginals of Australia had jobs during World War 2, Australia’s economy boomed with the help of the war as many Australian troops had gone out to fight for the British. The economy had boomed during the period of the Second World War as Australian products could be produced as well.
Not everyone came willingly though, many South Sea Islanders were kidnapped and some were even murdered. When the South Sea Islanders arrived in Australia, they found that they had been lied to about the work and living condition and as they were contracted to their employer they were forced to stay and work in Australia. Once their contracts were up, most went home without their contributions to Australia being acknowledged until recent times. It was believed that we needed a coloured working group to work on the cotton plantations. South Sea Islanders were Australia’s choice and between 1863 and 1904 around 60,000 South Sea Islanders were brought to work in Australia.
In her book Nanberry, Jackie French portrays colonial life as a very confusing and perplexing time for both the Indigenous Australians and the White British Settlers, albeit in different ways. With the Indigenous Australians confused by the sudden invasion of the white settler (ghosts), and the British Settlers becoming confused by the new sights, smells and culture of ‘Sydney Cove’. Through the characters of Nanberry, Surgeon White and Bennelong, the viewer is shown just how confusing their life was at the time of the first settlement in Australia. Nanberry is one of the main characters in French’s book, and is a prime way through which she portrays colonial life as perplexing and confusing. Nanberry was born into, and partially raised by an Indigenous Australian family, however he was adopted by Surgeon White at the tender age of eight or nine.
Australia became known as a workingman’s paradise at the turn of the twentieth century, however, for a large majority of the population Australia was far from a paradise. Due to their rejection of the British class system, and the instalment of the eight hour working day and a basic wage Australians believed themselves to be an egalitarian society with equal opportunities. And this much was true, for the working class, white male. For the rest of the population, the women, children and non-Europeans life was a different story. For them, Australia was not the workingman’s paradise it claimed to be.
In fact, “Native Americans died in appalling numbers, in many cases up to 90 percent of the population.” The diseases were at its worst in the Aztec and Inca Empires since the people lived close together. However, in the old world, disease related deaths were not nearly as prevalent as in the Americas. The reason for this difference is that the Native Americans had no domesticated animals (except llamas), which resulted in no acquired immunities to old world diseases.
Sir Edmund Barton Sir Edmund Barton was Australia’s first Prime Minister and a strong advocate of Australian Federation. He was born in gleeb, the ninth child of William Barton and Mary Louise Whydah on the 18th of January, 1849. His parents were English immigrants who arrived in Australia 1824. Edmund Barton attended Fort Street school and then went on to Sydney Grammar school. He then went onto attend Sydney university and graduated with first class honours in classics.
After the American Revolution, Britain took a tough loss to the americas and lost some of their main Penal Colonies. In desperate need to find a new one, James Cook (a.k.a Captain Cook) came upon the east coast of Australia in the early 1770’s. This new land had belonged to no one, so the british named it New South Wales. January 26th 1778,
Another disease that the Europeans brought over was smallpox(). Smallpox lasted 60 days and many people died(Doc. 2). Many people died because everybody had it so there was nobody to care for them(Doc. 2). That is another reason why the population plummeted.
The history of white Australia from the 1840s to the 1890s is influenced by the dramatic growth of economic activity, resulting from the expansion of the pastoral and mining industries and of the urban centers. The gold rushes of the 1850s provided some stimulus, especially in Victoria, but the important factors behind the sustained economic boom of 1860-90 was migration, British capital investment and active colonial participation in the development of public works, pastoral farming, mining, small-scale manufacturing and urban land transactions. One effect of the boom was the rapid urbanization of Australian society. By 1891, nearly one-third of Australia’s inhabitants lived in the colonial capital cities, and almost two-thirds lived in cities and towns; as a result, Australia had become the most urbanized country in the world.