The increased population of Europe in the Middle Ages improved its agriculture and increased the production of crops. Territorial expansion from multiple different cultures starting around the year 400 increased the area for farming. There was also many of innovations developed throughout the High Middle Ages. The High Middle Ages was around 1000 to 1400. The increased population of Europe also started the urbanization of the modern world. These three things increased the production of crops and overall improved Europe’s agriculture. Over the course of the Middle Ages, many different groups expanded their territory. By doing this, they expanded the area for farming. The first big group to expand was the Germanic Franks around 450. The migration …show more content…
Charlemagne would reward grants of land to his most loyal warriors (Miller). These grants of land would be used to increase the production of farming throughout the conquered land. The Franks fell around 900 to Muslim attacks to the south and Viking attacks to the north (Miller). The term “Vikings” is usually thought of as the brutish, killing machines, people that discovered Iceland and Greenland, however the term is meant for Norse merchants, warriors, pirates, and explorers (Newman 1). Newman states, “Vikings settled new lands in the north, south, and east” (Newman 3). While mainly settling in Scandinavia and northern Germany, they are known to also have settled in the other areas around Europe (Newman 2, 7). Vikings are known to have expanded throughout the Atlantic in areas such as North Africa, Russia, the Middle East, and Constantinople (Newman 7). They were able to settle in North America under Leif Eriksson. Some believe the Vikings expanded to avenge the pagans forced to follow Christianity. As Newman states, “Others believe that the Viking Expansion occurred as a result of Norse and Scandinavian population overgrowth or the need for expansion agriculturally” (Newman 9). This expansion was possibly due
In Tschan 1). The Vikings were said to have then “attacked the entire province with impunity”, meaning leaving no person untouched from their force (Adam of Bremen qtd. In Tschan 1). After that, the Vikings took captives upon their huge ships to become slaves (Adam of Bremen qtd. In Tschan 1).
During Medieval times there was a civilization of raiders called Vikings that lasted from about 800-1100. They were barbaric raiders and destroyed the settlements of which they came across; this caused setbacks across many European Kingdoms. Small groups of Vikings ventured out from Northern Europe in search for land, food, and other civilizations. During one of the ventures The Vikings came upon The Western European civilizations. They killed almost everyone they came in contact with in order to steal the maximum amount of slaves, jewelry, food, and other resources.
The Vikings were a group of Germanic sea dwellers who traded with and raided towns all across Europe out of their Scandinavian homeland. During the late 8th to 11th centuries they ruled all of Europe through their barbaric ways. Even other cultures outside of Europe saw the barbaric ways in which the Vikings acted towards the villages that they encountered. One such case of this was a Muslim Chronicler, Ibn Fadlan, recounting of the Vikings as “[T]he filthiest of God’s creatures.” While they were very savage in their actions, this very trait gave them the ability to be able to roam through and ravage an entire town fully unopposed and within a very miniscule timeframe.
However, credible sources4 indicate that the Norse explorers aimed to stay in the new land but were forced to vacate due to brutality from the local inhabitants. The source1 also reports that the story of the Viking exploration was transferred from generation to generation through sagas. The sagas were passed from one person to another through word of mouth before it was committed to the earliest writings in the 12th and 13th
Even though many Vikings preferred fighting and were driven to wealthy life other Vikings preferred a peaceful life that included economy with the surrounding countries. It is mentioned that the Vikings stayed in America for nearly 10 years. There is some evidence like the remains of their house and settlement. As a result of their trading Erikson brought some grapes from Greenland and timber that is why it is called Vinland or in another saying Wine land. Some people say that the Vikings didn’t stay in America because they had some disagreements with the Indians, and the Indians didn’t want them to stay.
Lief allowed Karlsefni to borrow his house in Wineland. The Vikings did not value religion. When they raided and took over cities, they killed the Bishops and the clergy men. They also burned down churches. It wasn 't until they did serious damage to religious
Trade played a major role in the Viking expansion as many trades ended up as raids. However, the Vikings established many trade routes throughout Europe. They also set up many trade centers. As well as this, craftsmen and merchants went to England, Germany and other countries to barter their goods. These trades were usually only performed once or twice every year.
In the 18th to 19th century in Europe, the agricultural revolution made farming more efficient which allowed more people to get fed with less labor, which led to a massive population growth. With a much bigger and healthier population and new technologies and resources to take part, new factories emerged ran by capitalists and entrepreneurs. This in turn called for new ways of organizing human labor to maximize the benefits and profits from the new machines. Thus, the Industrial Revolution began and this idea slowly spread throughout Europe and eventually to the United States.
On June 8th 793ce foreign ships brought an unexpected surprise to the Lindisfarne monastery situated off the coast of England; the Northmen had arrived. This attack marked the beginning of the Viking Age, an era of raids that shook the western world until its end at the battle of Hastings in 1066. According to those on the receiving end of the raids these Northmen arrived and promptly the “heathen miserably destroyed God 's church by rapine and slaughter .” It is important to note that the Vikings had an oral tradition and no known sources exist depicting events from their perspective. There exists a less known side of the Viking Age and its society, one comprised of such aspects as the farmer, trader, craftsmen, and explorer.
The Scandinavian Vikings were a group of people who lived on the Scandinavian Peninsula which encompasses modern day Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. The Vikings were known for their strength and brutality in combat, and they were feared by civilizations and kingdoms all across Europe. These strangers from the north were often looked upon as savages and were thought of as the embodiment of Dark Age barbarism. While it may be true that the Norsemen were quite brutal in combat; it would be a mistake to think of them as mindless animals who commit to nothing but destruction (Stock Page1).
Secondary literature maintains three common themes concerning Viking raids: the Franks disobeyed God’s instruction, prophets cautioned the consequences of rebellion, and God sent Vikings to discipline Christians. 4. Frankish clerics often compared sin, both the sin of the people and
From the late eighth to the late 11th centuries, the bloodthirsty Vikings exercised captivating control on Europe and eventually spread across the world, from the wide ranging Russia to the east coast of North America. Though their raids, often were directed against religious targets or just for their enjoyment in raids, many Vikings also traded. They farmed and settled peacefully, making their mark on almost every region and civilization they touched or captured. We owe a lot to these ancient Norsemen, from the words we speak to the combs we use in our hair. Socially, the Vikings legacy left upon different religions, politically, they addressed land grabs, and traded starting a revival of Europe 's economics and later the World’s.
As we have seen, the introduction of Christianity to the Vikings had significantly contributed to the end of the Viking Age in mid 11th Century, not only due to the persuasive Christian missionaries, and the realization of the benefits of Christianity, but also the forcible nature of Scandinavia king’s conversion of their subjects (which will be looked into in more detailed in due course). One must bear in mind that most of the evidence we have on the conversion of the Vikings is through archaeological excavations, as Gareth Williams explains that “we can see it in the archaeological evidences [that] Pagans buried their dead with grave goods, but Christians normally didn't, and this makes it relatively easy to spot the change in religion.”
The Viking expansion started in 793 with the first raid and ended around 1050. The division of the geographical core area is important, because this division also separates Vikings in the way took part in the expansion Norwegians travelled west- and southwest to colonise. The Danes went southwest for their conquests and the Swedes proceeded east- and south-eastward for their raiding and trading. Raiding and trading routes Raiding and trading
New agricultural technology changed the early middle ages for the better. The agricultural revolution of the middle ages meant a technical advance in farming which makes lives of those involved