How Did The Virgin Mary Influence Byzantine Art

Madonna del Magnificat was created by Botticelli in the early 1480s. It is said to be one of the most famous paintings of the Madonna during his time because of the five contemporary replicas which were created. The painting was covered with gold paint and if you see it in person the figures appear to be life size. The virgin which is slightly almost at the center of the painting is crowned by two angels and is depicted as the queen of heaven. Two wingless angels are crowning her. The crown she is wearing is made of cold and consist of stars. One of the mother of god 's name in hymns is " Stella mattutina ( morning star)" ( cite) which could be the reason why there are an array of stars onto the crown she is wearing. If you look out between Mary and the angels on the left you can see the broad landscape which is laid out to show "atmospheric perspective"( cite). There are 3 angels which moved more closely to the virgin and child. The angel in the front is kneeling and holding a book open with ink well. The virgin is about to dip the quill and write the last remaining words of the Magnificat. She begins at the beginning of page with the initial " M". The background

The Byzantines had a major impact on Christianity. "The Byzantines withstood years of siege by the Arabs hitherto considered irresistible, and in doing so … saved Western Civilization." (A Short History of Byzantium, Document A). There were early attacks on Constantinople that the Byzantines were able to hold off. In holding off the various attacks, the Byzantines kept Western Civilization Christian instead of it being converted to Muslim. The Christian Church of Constantinople and the Christian Church of Rome also split due to an argument over some spiritual interpretations of the Bible. If it was not for the Byzantines most of Western Civilization would be Muslim and not Christian.

Byzantine would be one of the important topics we studied these days. Byzantine Empire did a lot of things which had shaped the modern day and had effected Western culture.I strongly think Byzantine must be studied in schools. These reasons would explain why byzantine empire is so important Byzantine was an empire made after the Rome was disappeared. There were various of smart leaders in Byzantine such as Justinian. He wrote a book of laws which shaped modern days legal systems. The Byzantines defense was also great because it blocked the Islam army and protected many other countries. d had the strong defenses of Byzantine had halted the spread of Islam and saved the Western culture.This would be why we should study Byzantine Empire and

Source #1: "Byzantine Empire." Ancient History Encyclopedia. Livius, 28 Apr. 2011. Web. 6 Oct. 2015. .

Cimabue and Giotto were both very well known artists that both painted the Virgin and Child Enthroned. They both have the same meaning and the same subject. The Virgin and Child Enthroned have Madonna and Christ and it had the angels and the prophets. Comparing both of the artworks, they both have a different style. Cimabue and Giotto painting have a great symbolism behind their paintings and what it means for them. Comparing both of the paintings, Cimabue is the first Italian painter that created the Renaissance style of the Virgin and Child Enthroned in Florence, Italy in 1280 which was twelve feet tall and was created with a wood panel and gold. The gold was flattened and glued down onto the painting. The gold that was all over the painting

Justinian chose to enforce Christianity as the official religion of the Byzantine Empire, hence unifying society through the belief in Jesus Christ. This differs from ancient Rome where there was no official religion enforced. Justinian built the Hagia Sophia, an incredible and “exceedingly beautiful” (Document 4) church in Constantinople. This helped enforce the religion into people’s daily lives because everybody who walked into the church believed in God because it was universally understood “[that] by the influence of God...this work has been perfected” (Document 4). Because the architecture and vibes inside the church were so strong, people began to believe in the religion and create a different culture than ancient Rome. In building

The Byzantine Empire was a successful maritime-based civilization that connected Europe and Asia. There is much debate on whether the Byzantine Empire was a new empire or a continuation of the Roman Empire. Although the Byzantine Empire is made up of old parts of Eastern Rome, it was it’s own new civilization because of different religious beliefs, new advancements in technology, and a far superior economy to that of the Romans.

The development of Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire were different due to government, economies and religion. The Byzantine Empire was ruled by an Emperor instead of a King, while Western Europe was separated into different countries by the language spoken. Western Europe had social systems of feudalism in place to serve the people. Christianity played a major role in both of the developments of Western Europe and the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire was influenced by Romans, but Western Europe considered the Pope to be of high influence and guidance. Both empires’ economies were very different. The Byzantine became one of the wealthiest empires ever, while the Western economy was an agricultural based with little trading with

Art and architecture had an intense impact on the development of Greece and how it was made. It made Greece the way it is today. For example, each building is unique and different from other places. Greece is a main attraction because of their use of design and creativity. The art and architecture made Greece more unique and creative than any other city. The columns, pottery, and art was one of the major impact in the development of

Nicolas Enriquez’s piece titled The Virgin of Guadalupe with the Four Apparitions depicts the Virgin mother Mary as she revealed herself to a newly transformed Christian Native named Juan Diego. This 1773 painting is a reproduction of the 1531believed arheiropoeita of Virgin Mary when she descends on Mount Tepeyac and tells Indian Juan Diego to go inform the bishop that a temple shall be built for her. The Virgin of Guadalupe is an iconic piece of Catholicism in Mexico and holds religious and cultural importance to both Spaniards and the Natives of Mexico, such as the Nahuatl. Enriquez’s painting has several deviations from the original arheiropoetia, such as different color choice and addition of Nahuatl symbols, which portrays his painting

Historically, the image of Mary and Christ in such a position was not Italian, but a Northern European idea. The iconography is of German descent that had spread to France and gained important religious meaning in Northern Europe, but was not used in Italy at the time (Hibbard, 44-45). While the image was originally German, it gained momentum in France as an iconic depiction of the Christian tragedy. Michelangelo was the first Italian artist to depict the duo in such a position. Furthermore, Michelangelo differed from previous

The Byzantine Iconoclastic Controversy began in 726 CE when Emperor Leo III issued a decree against the worship of icons.1 This action resulted in the removal and destruction of icons in churches and monasteries.2 There had been tensions rising between the church and the state over the use of icons for some time, but the culmination of these tensions along with the pressure of Muslim armies attacking the borders of Byzantium lead to the explosive Iconoclastic Controversy. The iconoclasts ardently believed that the creation of images depicting holy people was making God angry. The iconophiles believed that these images were sacred and used them as a means of worshiping God. This theological battle lead to the meeting of several ecumenical councils in order to resolve the controversy between the church and the state. This paper will examine the arguments for and against the use of icons from iconoclasts and iconophiles in the Byzantine Empire.

Ancient Rome and Ancient Greece were very powerful and influential forces around the time that Christianity had began to spread. In Rome’s society, people followed under an emperor, who had strict rules about religion and the type of beliefs one should have. At the time, Rome’s official religion was pagan, but later converted to Christian. Ancient Greece had different religious beliefs than those that Christianity consisted of, but these countries were both powerful and helpful in spreading this new religion. Greece and Rome were impactful on Christian doctrine as well as helping this religion thrive and continue to expand to new areas. With these type of factors in mind, this paper will answer the question “How did Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome impact Christianity?”.

In John Green’s novel Looking for Alaska there are many symbols ranging from cigarettes to flowers. The symbols in this novel play a major role in helping to better understand the novel and it’s meaning. The cigarettes, the white flowers, and the smoking hole all represent different things in this novel but all together they help to paint a picture of what this novel is really about.

Leonardo clearly understood how single point perspective could control how the viewer perceived his painting. He employed this technique to draw our attention to Christ’s face which is at the center of the composition. Likewise Christ’s gaze is directed to his left hand whereby he is reaching for the ‘bread’. Together with the holy wine, Christ was to offer the Eucharist, symbolic of The Last