In the early modern period, English agriculture passed through a series of changes which led to higher productivity per unit of labour, increased yields, lower share of the workforce involved in agriculture and faster advancement than in other countries.
Increased productivity in agriculture implies greater growth in urbanisation rates. This is proven by historical data referring to the differential of change in urbanisation rate between 1500 and 1800. The urban population of England increased almost 7-fold, while average Western Europe urbanisation rate only doubled.
Additionally, in that period workforce involved in agriculture dropped from 75% to 43% in England, while in France and Germany dropped from 75% to 61-64%. Because of the relation between productivity and urbanisation, England is the leader in terms of the agricultural productivity, with levels twice as high as those in Europe.
It is evident that the most important factors in the process are increased productivity on farms and the growth of urban population. However; a question is: which one
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The first question is examined by both arguments and it is supported that growth of cities pushed agriculture forward stronger than did the process of enclosure. The answer to this question also explains why England agriculture was growing fastest; because it traded most and its population was fastest expanding. Intrinsic factors were also crucial for the growth of agriculture, but they were not main catalysts in making England outpace others. Elements which are main constituents of growth of productivity are convertible husbandry, better seeds, superior animals and new crops constituting as proven roughly 85%, depending on the area, of the growth and thus taking a more important position than
In response to the declining trade and vanishing cities, money became scarce. From 800 to 1200 CE however, the climate increased to better fit the requirements of farming. Farm production increased as a result of the climate change, the new three-field system, and the transfer from oxen to horsepower. Europe, which had earlier been described as a “region of poverty-stricken farming communities” (Doc. A) was filled with nutrient people.
The Industrial Revolution completely reinvented society in the 1800s. This change would not have arisen though without the outcome of the Agricultural Revolution in which new farming methods created greater farm output that decreased death rates. One of these methods was the enclosure, the fencing off of land by rich landowners for more efficient cultivation of the fields. The enclosure movement pushed farmers off of their land, thus forcing them to move to the cities in search of work. Urbanization supplied the work force for the new factories that generated industrialization.
In The Worst Hard Time, the author explains how new technology led to overproduction of many crops. A tractor was able to do the work of ten horses and a combine was able to thresh grain in one swoop. A farmer’s harvest could even go up by the thousands. As the farmers made more money they bought nearby land and ripped the grass out to make more space for more crops (Doc. C). With the overproduction of land came bare fields.
The growth of the British
New England Culture I. In 1620 the Pilgrims on the Mayflower landed on Cape Cod. Later, they settled in Provincetown. In 1614, Captain John Smith called this region New England. The states that occupy New England are, Main, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, and Connecticut.
The Industrial Revolution shaped the growing economy at the time in many positive and negative aspects. The Industrial Revolution took place during the late 1800’s and the early 1900’s and was considered to be the “New Industrial.” Many things were brought to the economy at the time due to this occurring; some in which being machinery, technology, production of goods, and even performance. The economy was not the only thing greatly affected by this revolution but the farmers, the working-class, and the middle-class were also affected to a deep extent.
(Doc 2). In addition to the increase in population and farming, trade began to make it’s return as well. Looking at the diagram from Document 6, you can see the various trade routes connecting Europe. The regions “had their own agricultural classes” (Doc 6) which would introduce new resources and goods to many, making lives more easier and pleasant.
In a time when America was coming out of the bloodiest war that was ever fought, against themselves, The Civil War, and when America looked overseas for a new frontier with Imperialism. It is in this context that America started to grow westward with farm land and in industry with the million of workers, but America still felt growing pains. Two significant ways in which farmers and industrial workers responded to industrialization in the Gilded Age (1865-1900) were the formation of organizations to protect farmers, and the creation of labor unions and the use of strikes to protect the workers. One significant way in which farmers responded to industrialization in the Gilded Age (1865 - 1900) was the formation of organizations to protect farmers. During Westward Expansion farmers fell victims to the low pricing of the crops.
Chapter 6- Economy and Society of the High Middle Ages 6.1- Europe’s population grew rapidly in the high middle ages which caused agricultural production to increase due to the spread of new technologies and newly cultivated lands. 6.2- Technological innovations for agriculture produced the economic prosperities prior to the nineteenth century, because the economy was reliant on agriculture, although much of the technology wasn’t widespread until after 1050. 6.2.1- In the eleventh-century water and wind power were being exploited, by the end of the century water mills fell into disrepair and windmills became more popular, it took two centuries for them to appear in Western Europe.
a) Farming in New England was not as important in the Southern colonies, New England colonies imported agricultural products, but Southern colonies exported agricultural products. New England were more about shipping, fishing, and natural sources were more important to them than agricultural crops; because soil in New England wasn’t good enough for growing crops. however in the South, plantation owners, for production of their crops such as; tobacco, cotton, and sugar, used slaves as for their labors. b) New England colonies was more industrialized than the southern colonies. New England colonists had a strong family work ethic, birth rates were high, and education was valued.
Examples of England will be discussed on the Malthusian-like state of crisis because of harvest failure in Europe, the lowering of economic inequality and the income per capita that could be higher after the Black
Kingsley Davis, who is said to have pioneered the study of historical urban demography wrote his “The Urbanization of the Human population” in 1965. In his essay, he states that the history of the world is in fact the history of urbanization and then begins with description of how tiny European settlements grew slowly through the Middle Ages and the early modern period. According to him, urbanization occurred mainly because of rural-urban migration and not the other factors that people believe. He discusses how the production levels of this time period, due to the feudal system, used to favor an agrarian culture and then how the process of urbanization intensified during the 1900s, especially in Great Britain. He then clarifies the difference between urbanization, which he describes as the process of a society becoming more urban-focused, and the growth of cities i.e. the expansion of their boundaries.
The Industrial Revolution began in England for many reasons. In 1700s,Britain 's economy was mainly an agricultural economy. Wealthy landowners bought up all the land and enclosed their land with fences allowing them to cultivate larger fields called enclosures. This caused the enclosure movement, which put most small farmers out of work causing them to move to cities. This movement to cities is known as urbanization, which gave Britain a large population of workers.
The now rich soil brought about by the agricultural revolution let the crops give the nutrients which helped peasants withstand childbirth and live longer, leading to an increase in population. Since the Europeans were able to feed their families from the excess food, it allowed them to find time to learn new trades and develop new skills. The businesses increased from the expansion of the population of those living in cities and towns. They were given land from the king through an agreement called a charter.