Germany government has adopted several strategies to make their labor market flexible aiming to increase employment rates. However, many experts argue that unemployment can negatively affect social cohesion and even individual well-being. The research question within this article is how employment insecurity affects social alienation. Researchers built three hypotheses.
First, “Social well-being is associated with the extent of labor market integration: unemployed than employed, temporary than permanent, and temporary agency employment than fixed-term employment workers are more likely to suffer social exclusion.”
Second, “The association of labor market integration and social well-being is partially mediated by the economic situation, social resources and social status.”
Lastly, “Individuals who are both affected by employment insecurity and relatively little economic resources shows higher levels of perceived social exclusion than individuals experiencing employment insecurity, but having more economic resources.”
Dependent variables are social exclusion and well-being. Independent variables are the degree of labor market integration (or the degree of employment security) and economic resources.
Data of the empirical analysis is from the household panel study, ‘Labour Market and Social Security’(PASS). They
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As hypothesized, the result revealed that the more insecure employment was, the less workers felt affiliated to society regarding to both within and between effects. Also, social well-being is related to the type of employment. While difference of integrative function between workers with fixed-term and permanent contract was small, that of social well-being still existed. Therefore, they suggest that flexible contracts and low wage can deteriorate social exclusion. They also suggest that future studies investigate the relationship of job security and social cohesion with comparative perspective, considering recent situations after the economic
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Present at least two different sociological approaches to social inequality and discuss these approaches with reference to a concrete problem area of contemporary relevance. Social inequality can be found in various aspects of society, the question is if inequality is only caused by the lack of economical estate or if other reasons are underlining it. This essay argues how Max Weber distinguishes between social class and strata and how one often leads to the other. Furthermore, it presents Pierre Bourdieu’s notions of habitus, capital and fields as an explanation of how people can achieve different social statuses within different fields because of their capitals. At last, the two different sociological approaches to social inequality is used to analyze the case of non-traditional students at Australian universities and how they are socially disadvantaged compared to traditional students because of their lack economical support, language skills, educational skills and social relations.
Details and examples b. Body paragraph 2: Differences/finances. i. Easy to obtain a job vs unemployment 1. Details and examples c. Body paragraph 3: Differences/food. i. Variety of food and resources vs poverty 1.
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