While there might be multiple ways to measure intelligence, one way psychologist Howard Grader described intelligence was by dividing it into 8 segments. Individuals may be more smarter in one segment than the other, making everyone's sense of intelligence unique to the way they learn. This model suggests that schools, especially for the middle childhood years (6-12) should use a variety of subjects to learn from rather than just the traditional reading, writing, and arithmetic for the basis of learning. Gardner's eight intelligences are- musical, bodily kinetics, logical mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
In 1975 Congress passed a law to ensure that children with disabilities or special needs be related the same way as their peers. For instance, before The Education For All Handicapped Children Act was passed children with a lower IQ due to disabilities would have to be placed in a different classroom away from their peers. Not only did this cause greater stigmatism for these children, but society was trying to tell them from a young age that they deserved a “special place” away from everyone else. This new law does not apply to children with severe disabilities, but rather those who do not suffer from
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In this stage children are learning to master a sport, school subject or any other area to compete with their peers and feel superior. If children fail, they will feel inferior and inadequate. This stage is particularly critical for children, owing to the fact that these types of successes or failures stick to them until adulthood. As a future dietitian, interested in working with children, it is important to make parents with overweight or obese children to be aware that the type of language that they use to address to describe them can damage them
Through all this work, Justin Dart came to the conclusion that the judgement towards disabled people created a toxic relationship disabled and abled individuals and decided to end this. In his explanation for why the ADA was so significant for the disabled, Justin said “It will proclaim to America and to the world that people with disabilities are fully human; that paternalistic, discriminatory, segregationist attitudes are no longer acceptable; and that henceforth people with disabilities must be accorded the same personal respect and the same social and economic opportunities as other people.” (Paragraph 7) The fact that at one point disabled individuals were treated with disrespect, really shows through this quote and emphasizes that this was a great injustice that needed to be ended. The injustice that occurred was that people with disabilities in America were treated poorly and did not have equal rights.
Some people argue special education segregates the students. Having access to educational services isn’t enough. There are different views on the implication of special education, but emphasizing individual educational benefits for all students is a worthy
The video “Beyond F.A.T. City: Look Back, Look Ahead-Conversation about Special Education”is an excellent source to utilize for special education teachers, parents, and general teachers alike. Richard D. Lavoie has a direct approach on helping children with disabilities succeed. The in-depth discussion opens the eyes of teachers and parents regarding what is fair in the classroom, how to bring the concepts of fairness to the home environment, and the importance of not assuming things about individuals. Richard D. Lavoie defines fairness in the classroom as everyone gets what he or she needs (Beyond, 2005). Many children believe that fairness means that everything is equal, however, that is not the case, especially in an educational setting.
Understanding the history of special education and its impact on individual lives provides educators and families with a positive perspective on student’s academic and social achievement. Special education services were almost non-existent and with the passage of Public Law 94-142 everything changed. As the law continues to evolve, the rules and regulations become more prevalent. Handicapped and disabled students educational careers can now include reading, language arts, math, live skills training, vocational readiness, and various work training programs. Society has significantly become more understanding and aware of people with disabilities since the establishment of Public Law 94-142.
In today’s society “one out of three children is considered overweight or obese” (Little 2011). Childhood obesity is linked to several severe health problems. Children who are overweight or obese are at risk of having cardiovascular disease and problems relating to that such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and type-two diabetes during childhood. Physical problems aren’t the only problem relating to obesity; “Research confirms obese children are at a higher risk for social and psychological problems” because overweight kids tend to get bullied due to their weight (Little 2011). Children who have weight issues early on are also more likely to have weight issues as adults.
After conducting an analysis of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act based on the Family Impact Checklist, I found that families are being extensively supported by the federal law’s implications. IDEA is classified as strongly reaching the goals of many of the family impact analysis principles, however, the law could improve and/or touch on some of the foundations more actively. The checklist draws from the five principles of the family impact analysis including family responsibility, stability, relationships, diversity, and engagement (Bogenschneider et, al., 2012). Based on my own calculations carried out through the checklist process, I have determined that the law’s largest strength is within the lines of family engagement.
Mentally challenged people continue to struggle with discrimination in the workplace. According to a survey from The Guardian, only 18% of those with mental health problems are employed, the lowest employment rate of all disabled groups. Historically, people with mental disability were segregated in institutions, however today our laws state they must not be unnecessarily institutionalized, (Mental Health). Similarly to Lennie in the novel, most mentally challenged people today simply are not understood despite the advances of federal laws that protect the rights of people with disabilities, the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA).Most people still do not understand them, and as a result, mentally disabled children may be excluded from social activities and are often treated differently than their peers. Most of the time, children with disabilities must obtain strong work ethics in an attempt to keep up academically with their peers.
Throughout the centuries the growth in special needs children and adults have increased dramatically. Although there isn’t many statistics nor many records of how many special needs people there were in the early 1930’s it’s still apparent that they were there. The book “Of Mice And Men” written by John Steinbeck he uses the characters Lennie, who appears to be special needs, and George, Lennie’s caretaker, to show the contrast between the two mental capacities and the role of dependency on another. In Steinbeck’s “Of Mice And Men” the character Lennie Smalls shows that the actions and consequences differ from people who have special needs or mental disorders from those who don’t.
In spite of the fact that many still advocate for the purpose of equality, many other people believe that equality has already been earned, considering that it is the twenty first century in a first world country, segregation ended, women have more rights than ever, and people with disabilities are given more opportunities and benefits. In the book, the author shows how discrimination was back then, and they can connect with today’s events, despite the improvement of rights.
Chapter-1 INTRODUCTION & CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 1.0 INTRODUCTION: Intelligence is a word that describes ability of an individual to perform desired tasks well Over the years many people have come up with their own idea of intelligence which is based upon what they felt important. It has been a trend in the past for people to think that intelligence is correlated to academic achievement. According to it intelligence can be defined as the ability to perform well at linguistics, mathematics, logic and other school based academics. But recently there has been a switch to include a wider range of things in the definition
The two intelligences that are taught in schools are logical/mathematical intelligence and verbal/linguistic intelligence. 3. The other five include spatial, musical, kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal which are all incredibly important in order to function in today’s society. II. The pressure that is applied by standardized testing is unhealthy to a learning environment.
Cardoza, Kavitha, and Lois Freedman. “Tell Me More.” Interview by Michel Martin. Gale Virtual Reference Library. NPR News, 7 June 2011.
The above article outlines school based interventions and tries to assess if they are both cost and clinically effective in the prevention of childhood obesity, compared to normal everyday practice. This study followed 54 primary schools in the West Midlands, UK. These schools were picked at random and included multi-ethic/socioeconomically diverse populations between the ages of 6-7 years old. During the twelve month period the main intervention consisted of eating a healthy diet and promoting more physical activity. Activates included cooking workshops, interactive learning activities in both physical and healthy eating habits.
We live in an era that has been heavily influenced by the far reaching effects of the civil rights movement, second wave feminism, the humanistic framework, and a contemporary focus on the social inclusion of disadvantaged populations. This has influenced the rights of those who have a disability because now, instead of deinstitutionalization, there are now established user led services, external supports, and disability incomes existing in this era to benefit those who have an intellectual disability or those caring for someone who has one. Conversely, stigmatisation, social exclusion, discrimination and ableism are still alive and prominent in contemporary society which are some of the complex barriers that social workers and individuals
The G factor is a good indication of school performance Disadvantages/weakness of Charles Spearman’s theory: 1. The backlash and criticism regarding how the G factor only measures General Intelligence 2. The G factor doesn’t take into account other various activities such as motor abilities, perception and musical abilities. HOWARD GARDNER: MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE Multiple Intelligence: Howard Gardner (1943-current) originally identified and stated that there are 7 (later 9) specific types of intelligence. Gardner argued that students across a broad scale would retain information better if the information was displayed in a number of ways, due to the fact that an individual’s cognitive ability varies in the different types of multiple