While there might be multiple ways to measure intelligence, one way psychologist Howard Grader described intelligence was by dividing it in 8 segments. Individuals may be more smarter in one segment than the other , making everyone's sense of intelligence unique to the way we learn. This model suggests that schools, especially for the middle childhood years (6-12) be by using a variety of teaching instruments and rather than the traditional reading, writing, and arithmetic basis of learning. Gardner's eight intelligences are- musical, bodily kinetics, logical mathematical, linguistic, spatial, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and naturalistic.
In 1975 Congress passed a law to ensure that children with disabilities or special needs be related the same way as their peers. For instance, before The Education For All Handicapped Children Act was passed children with a lower id due to disabilities would have to be placed in a different classroom away from their peers. Not only does this
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In this stage children are learning to master in a sport, school subject or in another area to compete with their peers and feel superior based on their accomplishments. If children fail, they will feel inferior and inadequate for their age. This stage is particularly critical for children, owing to the fact that these types of successes or failures stick to them until adulthood. As a future dietitian, interested in working with these children, it is important to make parents with overweight or obese children to be aware of the type of language that they use to address this issue with them. I have personally seen how parents blame their kids in public areas for “eating too much and getting fatter” that personally breaks my heart. In this age group to make sure that they don't classify them as “a failure” or blame them for being
ection 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 After being vetoed twice by President Nixon, Congress passed Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973 as the first disability civil rights law in the United States. Until this point, it was not considered discrimination for people with disabilities to be excluded or segregated. This Act also recognized for the first time that people with disabilities were a minority class with civil rights (https://drc.ucsc.edu/about/more-history.html). Section 504 protected people with disabilities from exclusion and unequal treatment in schools, jobs, and the community by prohibiting discrimination on the basis of disability in public or private programs and activities that receive federal aid. It read,
In the intriguing article, “The ‘Childhood Obesity Epidemic’” , Tina Moffat presented the health issue of childhood obesity. In recent years, obesity has become an important issue on the public agenda. Ever since I was young, the word obesity began to pervade and increased its popularity throughout high school and college, as people become more self-conscious about their body sizes and more influenced by the mainstream view on overweight or obese people.
We think it’s common sense to say hello to your neighbor, hold the door open for the person behind you, or even sit next to someone in class, but that has not always been the case. At one point in time, civil rights was not for everyone. We all remember the women suffering and the african-americans being segregated, but most forget how hard the disabled community worked to be treated as equals. By utilizing the strategies of previous civil rights movements, the American Disabilities Act (ADA) wanted to extend basic civil rights to the disabled community. It started in 1973 with Section 504 which helped people to recognize that even though there are many different variations, the disabled are a legitimate minority who are subjected to discrimination
In today’s society “one out of three children is considered overweight or obese” (Little 2011). Childhood obesity is linked to several severe health problems. Children who are overweight or obese are at risk of having cardiovascular disease and problems relating to that such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and type-two diabetes during childhood. Physical problems aren’t the only problem relating to obesity; “Research confirms obese children are at a higher risk for social and psychological problems” because overweight kids tend to get bullied due to their weight (Little 2011). Children who have weight issues early on are also more likely to have weight issues as adults.
Childhood to adolescent obesity in America is becoming an over-whelming issue. Most schools have decided that physical education isn’t critical due to budget cuts and the increased pressure to excel in standardized tests. One out of three children in the U.S. is over-weight or obese according to the Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine. I believe that childhood obesity is the result of lack of exercise and poor diet due to a fast-paced lifestyle. Junk food is attractive for many reasons including price, taste, and convenience.
Conditions did start to get better for a disabled child but was still not the best since there was no law stating that it was required to give the mentally retarded a good education or even life. The American Association on Mental Deficiency also saw an importance of not just throwing anyone with a disability into a mental hospital, if a person had symptoms like Down Syndrome, which the name was not created yet, they had no need to go into an institution. AAMD wanted education for the mentally retarded and believed that any of these people deserved rights. AAMD was a huge spark that started law 94-142 but was not the only one. (Anderson, 68)
These tests promised a way to identify kids who could go further in their education, while separating them from the kids who learned slower and would need extra help. The tests also came with the notion of academic tracking in order to steer students onto a career path deemed appropriate for them (Gershon, 2015). Attempting to measure a student’s intelligence through a standardized test is beyond absurd. All students learn at a different pace. This means that, even if a student may not know a skill at the time of the test, it doesn’t mean that they will never know it.
The two intelligences that are taught in schools are logical/mathematical intelligence and verbal/linguistic intelligence. 3. The other five include spatial, musical, kinesthetic, interpersonal and intrapersonal which are all incredibly important in order to function in today’s society. II. The pressure that is applied by standardized testing is unhealthy to a learning environment.
Obesity in children is a significant public health concern. In addition, there is evidence that the incidence of children who are overweight is increasing despite efforts to the contrary. The consequences of child obesity are far reaching, implicating not only children on a physical scale but also socially and mentally. However,
The Americans with Disabilities ACT (ADA) was approved by Congress in 1990. This legislation prohibits discrimination against people with disabilities. “The ADA prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in employment, State and local government, public accommodations, commercial facilities, transportation, and telecommunications. It also applies to the United States Congress. ”(http://www.ada.gov/cguide.htm#anchor62335,
The G factor is a good indication of school performance Disadvantages/weakness of Charles Spearman’s theory: 1. The backlash and criticism regarding how the G factor only measures General Intelligence 2. The G factor doesn’t take into account other various activities such as motor abilities, perception and musical abilities. HOWARD GARDNER: MULTIPLE INTELLIGENCE Multiple Intelligence: Howard Gardner (1943-current) originally identified and stated that there are 7 (later 9) specific types of intelligence. Gardner argued that students across a broad scale would retain information better if the information was displayed in a number of ways, due to the fact that an individual’s cognitive ability varies in the different types of multiple
In today’s society, a large amount of emphasis is placed on getting good grades. Day in and day out students are told that getting good grades is detrimental to their future. Unfortunately what many students are not told is that their intelligence is not defined by the marks they receive, but rather intelligence is defined by so much more than a letter on a report card. Albert Einstein once said, “Everyone is a genius, but if you judge a fish by its ability to climb a tree, it will live its whole life believing it is stupid.
By the time they were in fifth grade at age 11, there were increase in both the overweigh and obese rates. They were 24% of them were overweight and 14% were obese. Data from the social competence test indicated that there was a slight decrease in self-assessed social competence between third and fifth grade. Its clear to say that children often become self-critical as they grow older. “ Just like the Cooley’s framework of the looking glass self theorizes that people define and evaluate themselves in respond to how others perceive them and respond to them (Jackson 153).”
The issue with intelligence testing also relates to the issue with schools producing conformity. One of the many ways that conformity is taught is through standardized testing (Wheeler, 2013). These tests only evaluate ours skills based on one type of intelligence. Therefore, “standardised testing, in all its forms, is designed to capture a narrow, quantifiable impression of children's abilities”(Wheeler, 2013, p.5). Intelligence tests fail to evaluate a majority of the vital components of intelligence (“Intelligent intelligence”,n.d.).
Howard Gardner created a theory in which each person has at least one of seven distinct intelligences. According to his theory, the seven distinct intelligences that a person can inhabit as visual-special, bodily-kinesthetic, Musical, Interpersonal, Intrapersonal, Linguistic, and Logical-Mathematical Intelligence. Gardner believes that each person learns best according to his/her most prominent intelligence. This theory has thus challenged the educational system, which assumes that everyone can learn at the same rate and the same way: in a uniformed manner. With the Visual-