Human Development - Adolescence PSY1009 10/6/2017 Kamilah Vein – 1602511 Words: 999 Tutor: Tsietso Mafoso (Tuesday 14:15-15:00) Human Development refers to the psychological and biological development of a person throughout their lifespan. This development consists of the transitions from infancy, to childhood, to adolescence and finally to adulthood. In this essay I shall discuss the development of adolescence to adulthood with focus on the theoretical approach to physiological, cognitive, soci-emotional, psycho-sexual, moral and identity development. Using Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory (1979, 1995) and the given case study, I shall highlight how the four different systems (microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem) …show more content…
The closest layer to the child is the microsystem which refers to the relationships and interactions within their immediate surroundings. Structures found in this system include family, friends and school environments. This is where bi-directional influences are strongest because a child can be influenced by their parents, but the parents can be influenced by their child. This can be seen in the way that Sipho’s grandmother prohibits alcohol and other substances in the house which results in his well upbringing, but Themba’s gang influence from his friends furthers his involvement in toxic behaviours and crime. The mesosystem provides the connection between the structures in the child’s life, such as the relationship between a child’s parent and teacher. The exosystem is the layer where the child does not function directly, such as Sipho’s mother’s workplace in the city. Sipho is not directly affected by his mother’s work, but because of it he was only able to see his mother twice a year. The macrosystem is the outermost layer in a child’s environment. This system encompasses cultural values, customs and laws (Berk, 2000). In relation to the case study, Sipho’s mother does not associate to the belief that parents are solely responsible for raising and caring for their children and has left her son in the care of his grandmother in order to work; therefore Sipho’s macrosystem does not fit the cultural
This theory will expound how each thing in child and his or her environment influences his or her growth and development. While discussing later on, four classifications of microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem, is to be considered. This paper will discuss Luis and Julio in the aspect of three dimensions of change: physical, cognitive and socio-emotional with Bronfenbrenner’s theory in mind. Physical development
One of the theories that can explain this is Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory. This theory states that development reflects the influence of several environmental systems. There are five environmental systems that are identified within the theory. The microsystem is the setting of an individual, the mesosystem involves relationships and connections between the microsystem and contexts, the exosystem includes links between the social setting in which the individual does not have an active role and the immediate context, the macrosystem involves culture, and the chronosystem consists of patterns and transitions during the life course (Santrock
In this book specifically, the separation of children from their mothers. From the moment their mothers say goodbye, children consider their mothers to be, “larger than life,” (7). In their mothers’ absence, children long for their care and support. This highlights the importance of a mother’s role in a child’s life. Even in more developed countries, some children suffer psychologically while growing up due to the absence of a mother-figure, or any other parental figure.
As children at young age are very impressionable, an early childhood experiences can influence a child that can affect them ass an adult. During Nilsen’s childhood, his parent’s divorced when he was at a young age where he went to live with his mother and siblings at his maternal grandfather’s home (Crime Investigation, 2014). As they lived the home, Nilsen became very attached to his grandfather; however, Nilsen’s grandfather had passed away when he was 6 years old which impacted Nilsen when viewing his corpse at the funeral (Crime Investigation, 2014). Along with losing his grandfather, Nilsen became isolated when his mother remarried and had four more children from that marriage (Crime Investigation, 2014).
Instead of stages like Erikson, Bronfenbrenner had systems to show how connected and influenced the child is to their environment. He believed that children are not only affected by their immediate surroundings, but are affected by culture and the government too. The first system is the microsystem, this is the most immediate connection to the child. This system includes the parents, teachers, and friends of the child. The next system is the Mesosystem.
In Susan’s case, she faces difficulties with her new classmates. No one willing to play with her and thus she hide herself and doing nothing while in the recess and lunch time. Also, she does not have good with relationship with her parents and does not talk with her parents even she faces the difficulties. The mesosystem is related to the interaction between microsystem. In Susan’s case, her parents are in Susan’s mesosystem.
Identity development during adolescence Adolescence is a developmental transition between childhood and adulthood and also a period of prominent change for teenagers when physical changes are happening at an accelerated rate. Adolescence is not just marked by physical changes but also cognitive, social, emotional and interpersonal changes as well. The development of a strong and stable sense of self known as identity development is widely considered to be one of the crucial tasks of adolescence. Identity development of an adolescent is influenced by external factors, such as their environment, culture, religion, school and the media.
Compare and contrast Sigmund Freud 's psychosexual theory of development and Erik Erikson 's psychosocial theory of development. Introduction The stages of human development have been a discussing issue among the educators, psychologists and philosophers. There are numerous developmental theories regarding the growth and development of an individual.
The microsystem includes the interactions and relationships that children have with their instant environments (Berk, 2000). Arrangements in the microsystem include family, school and the neighbourhood. Children are watchfully tangled in proximal connections with familiar people (family members). At this level, relationships have influence in two directions - both away from the child and to the child. For example, a child’s parents may influence his/her beliefs and behaviour; however, the child also influences the behaviour and beliefs of his/her parents.
Case Study – Linda Prepared by Margaret Mills For Human Growth and Development QQI Level 5 Assignment February 2016 Introduction Linda is a 14 year old teenager who comes for respite at regular intervals to the care home I work in. Linda appears bubbly and out going and always mixes well with her peer group. On this occasion I notice Linda appears withdrawn and has lost a lot of weight she is not interacting with the other members for social activities. One of the other teenagers has told me that Linda has confided in her that she is being bullied in school and being called fat
The last level of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory is known as the macrosystem. This level is the largest level and might not seem to have such a great affect on a child, but even though it doesn’t seem like it has an effect on a child it can be the level that has the most affect on a child. This level has a great influence on a child’s development. Like all the other levels the level can also affect a child either positive or negatively.
Handout on identity development during adolescence Adolescence is the years between the beginning of puberty and onset of adulthood. These are the years where most people develop a strong and stable identity. It is the period where children start to become conscious of their identity and its possible immediate consequences or future repercussions. Relationships between parents and the adolescents often decrease, and they start to prefer to spend more time with their peers.
Abstract This essay deals with comparing the childhood and adulthood as significant parts of life. Childhood as we all have experienced is the most beautiful period of one’s life. It is a period of joy pleasure where there are no tensions and no worries. In contrast adulthood is totally different from childhood.
CHANGING CARE NEEDS THROUGH LIFE STAGES The aim of this assignment is to discuss in general the physical, intellectual, emotional and social development of a person in late adulthood. This will be completed by going through each heading and describing the different elements of each stage. Following that, I will compare *the norm* with a lady called Margaret.
DEVELOPMENT PSYCHOLOGY: REFLECTIVE ESSAY In life of an individual there are several developmental changes or events which occur as continuity of span of life. Some of life developmental stages include infantile, adolescence, maturity, and adulthood. These phases have biological, social, psychological and physiognomic reasons to which an individual completed the course of life. Psychological analysis upon the developmental stages include the focus on characterization, demarcation and the social interaction of individual’s life (Baltes & Schaie, 2013).