Human Migration

The term “human migration” implies the permanent change of residence by an individual or group; it excludes such movements as nomadism, migrant labour, commuting, and tourism, all of which are transitory in nature. (“Encyclopedia Britannica”) During studying in school or college professors from various subjects, including history, geography, macroeconomics, management and others, mention human migration between different countries and even continents. But very few of them talk about internal migration, a type of migration that occurs inside the borders of a state. That leads to the wrong impression of the meaning of internal migration. Many people from all over the world tend to think that relocation of inhabitants inside the country has zero

Usually people change the place of their living for purposes of education, because of marriage, and for economical reasons. These reasons are not in fact different from the reasons for international migration; but there is a group of reasons that could be not applied for moving inside the state - political reasons. Political regimes in most cases are functioning on the whole territory of the country.

In world history there have been three significant internal movements. First one in the USA in the middle of nineteenth century, from East to West in search of jobs thousands Americans were crossing the country. Another one took place in United Kingdom, where people were trying to find a better life, for these purpose numerous inhabitants moved from Scotland, Ireland and Wales to England during the industrial revolution. The last biggest resettlement happened in New Zealand, where the process of urbanization started in early twentieth century, and southern people streamed to the North, to Auckland. (“Drift to the North”

For this purpose the example of Russia is going to be used. In Russia the mobility of population is on a very low rate. In particular, migrants from these regions are willing to move but — because of the financial constraints— they are not able to move. (Guriev and Vakulenko 2013)

During the Second World War plenty of so-called monotowns appeared in Russia, this type of a town is constructed on the bases of factories, and military productions. According to a Russian government study conducted in 1999—2000, there were 467 cities and 332 smaller towns in Russia which could be classified as monotowns. (“Russian Economic Report” 2010) The war is over, but towns with whole population are left with no source of living. In addition to that, people who live there simply do not have enough money to move from this part, they get paid only a life-minimum, that is hardly enough for them to survive, not even mentioning any luxury