Human Trafficking Literature Review

“Human trafficking is the 3rd most committed crime world wide”(Yun). Obviously that means this crime is being committed all over the place. Also so many people are being exploited by this crime because these people are forced and that is a crime that’s committed so there are so many people suffering from this. Like seriously why we focus all of our attention to the cartels and illegal drugs but human trafficking is also a very widespread crime and nothing is being done about it. But with it being a widely committed crime there aren’t many people being held responsible for it.

“Noy Thrupkaew: Human Trafficking is all Around You: This is how it Works” and “Slavery in the fields” both have a common theme. Both of these stories make the claim that human trafficking is widespread across a spectrum of industries and that consumers are fueling the problem. However, this subject is far more complicated than one can see. The first piece brings attention to the gruesome circumstances of human trafficking victims. The second piece is very loose in what it interprets as human trafficking.

Thailand 's long history of human trafficking is no well kept secret. The land of smiles is also notorious for being a destination, transit country, and source for women, children, and men who are subjugated to forced labor and commercial sexual exploitation. The main elements of human trafficking throughout Thailand are nuanced, contain multitudes, and can be mainly examined by identifying the differences and similarities between the causes of labor and sex trafficking within the nation. The causes examined can be divided into two distinctive classifications, universal and specific.

Most of the people affected by trafficking are women and children. The high risk of trafficking is brought about by the current economic situation in the country, which makes it hard for women to get employment and provide for their families (Susan Freese 61). In the 1990s, many women and children were trafficked out of Russia and introduced to prostitution in Europe, North America, Saudi Arabia, and many other countries. Human trafficking is caused by many factors some of them being poverty, corruption in the Government, economic strains, and legal systems that are inefficient (Susan Freese 61).

First of all, there are many disparate types of slavery, such as, domestic servitude, sex trafficking, child labor, bonded labor, forced labor, forced marriage, and more. Domestic servitude consists of slaves in private homes forced into serving their masters thinking there is no option to leave, and sex trafficking means women, men, or children being enforced into the trading of the sex industry and held against their will. They are manipulated because they think they have no choice to leave by threat. Forced labor is the unwillingness of human beings forced to work under threats with no pay. Slaves are coerced into work trying to pay a debt, but they cannot leave until the debt is fully repaid.

In addition to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety, the American Psychological Association stress that many trafficking victims struggle to regain their independence after years of sex trafficking and require help finding housing and jobs. The majority of survivors have depression, anxiety, posttraumatic stress disorder or a more severe diagnosis: Disorders of extreme stress. In addition to these diagnoses, many victims of sex trafficking also have secondary psychological issues such as alcohol and drug abuse plus concurrent medical illnesses, which add to the psychological burden that sex trafficked victims endure. Mental health interventions often focus on identifying potential victims in healthcare centers and public places such as shopping malls. The problem, however, is that once a sex traffic person is rescued there are no prospective clinical trials to guide therapy, oftentimes by default, trauma-based cognitive behavioral therapy is used, such approaches may not be effective for those with disorders of extreme stress not otherwise

They believe that prostitution must be controlled, but it is absolutely impossible to eradicate it. Society and the state should not fight against prostitution as such, but with those factors that make it socially dangerous, destructive, criminogenic. Taking a stringent measure is inexpedient, as a result it will lead to the black market, so it will not be under control, and cause public danger. Prostitution exists due to the peculiarities of human psychophysiology and, first of all, due to the fact that the social institution of family with its normative nature does not fully meet the sexual interests of men. Functionalists believe that if a married man was not able to diversify his sexual life with the help pf prostitutes, for whom he does not have any moral responsibilities, he would seek for serious relationships with other women, which can create a serious threat to his marriage.

Forced labor is one of the main aspects of slavery as almost 78% of the laborers in the primary or secondary industry are slaves. There are close to 21 million people who are forced to work in the world. Also known as involuntary bondage, could result when employers take advantage of the situation where the rates of unemployment, crime or other problems in an area. Immigrants are particularly vulnerable, but individuals also may be forced into labor in their own countries.

15. Sex traffickers use a variety of ways to “condition” their victims, including subjecting them to starvation, rape, gang rape, physical abuse. Beating, confinement, threats of violence toward the victim and victim’s family, forced drug use, and

Human trafficking by definition is a hidden crime because most people are uneducated and unaware of it; however, the general public’s social awareness of this modern day slavery could lead to action being taken to prevent it. According to Free the Slaves, there are approximately 20 to 30 million slaves in the world today who are sold at about $90. 19 percent of human trafficking involves labor exploitation. This includes those working in domestic work, construction, agriculture, and commercial sex. 80 percent of human trafficking involves sexual exploitation.

According to A Theoretical Perspective on Human Trafficking and Migration-Debt Contracts human trafficking is more complex than what most people contemplate. The relocation of a human can cause an extreme amount of anxiety for the migrant as well as the trafficker. There are multiple people that assist in the trafficking of individuals who have specific concentrations: investors fund majority of the operation, organizers oversee the entire operation, recruiters seek potential migrants, transporters assist migrants on land, air, or sea, corrupt public officials negotiate how to get migrants in and out illegally, guide and crew members get the migrant from one location to the next, enforcing ensure that everyone is doing their job, local assistance

It occurs for three reasons prostitution, forced labor, and human organs. The majority of the victims of human trafficking are immigrants because traffickers use immigrant’s workers unfamiliarity with the language, laws and customs to manipulate them. From Algeria to New York City we can see similarities in the way involuntary servitude works. If we come together we can decrease human trafficking, and spread awareness about anti-trafficking programs that would help the world. Its our duty as citizens to acknowledge the problems that are affecting our society.

To what extent does gender affect the individuals involved in human trafficking? Human trafficking is said to be the third-largest criminal activity in the world. According to the Department of Homeland Security human trafficking is defined by “A modern day slavery and involves the use of force, fraud or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act” Trafficking especially in women and girls is noting uncommon.