Conflicts in the past and present have put the World into a stage of question. The concept of humanitarian norms have gone through series of changes within states relations with other states. These changes of stages in humanitarian norms and techniques, which have lasted for over decades gave raised to the principle of humanitarian intervention. The principle of humanitarian intervention have direct effect on the principle of sovereignty by the involvement of one state directly into the internal affairs of another sovereign state thereby contradicting the very principle of sovereignty which is founded on the ground of respecting state and no direct involvement of another state into the affair of another sovereign state. The arrival of …show more content…
The intervention by France in the Greater Syria which was part of the Ottoman Empire in the 1860s, the intervention in the Greek war of independence by Russia in 1821-1827, the hash issuing of threat by some European countries to stop the perpetuated act of genocide against the Armenians in Turkey (1894-1917), and the involvement of Russia in Bulgaria (1876-1878) (Stefan, 2012). All these justified humanitarian intervention on the ground of protecting vulnerable population, had undergone changes with the emergence of the idea of human rights and protection …show more content…
This prohibition is under two exceptional conditions (1) on the bases of individual and or collective self-defense and (2) the due application and forcible measures through the authorization of the United Nations Security council(The Charter of United Nations,1945). The sole organ that have the responsibility in the maintenance of international peace and security is the United Nations. Member states of the United Nations on their part agreed that the United Nations Security Council in carrying out these its duties under this responsibility acts on the behalf (The Charter of the UN,
At the turn of the twentieth century, Europe seemed to enjoy a period of peace and progress. Yet below the surface, several forces were at work that would lead Europe into the “Great War.” One of these forces was nationalism, and it had an explosive effect in the Balkans. But, nationalism was only one of the many causes of World War I. Historians and eyewitnesses have described the causes of World War I and have tried to assess the responsibility for it. Militarism, Nationalism, and Alliance were some of the main cause for WWI and Grate Britain, France, Russia, Germany, Austria- Hungary and Italy Had a Grate Part to Play in It.
Afghanistan was declared by the UN Security Council to be a threat to international peace after the 9/11; all fifteen of the member countries voted in favor of resolving the issues with Afghanistan (Security Council: 4370th Meeting) through any means. In addition, the United States would be attacking as a form of self-defense. Article 51 of the Charter of the United Nations stated that "[nothing] in the present Charter shall impair the inherent right of individual or collective self-defense if an armed attack occurs against a Member of the United Nations..." (par. 1). Additional resolutions, which are formal decisions made by the UN, ordered troops from all the member countries to be sent into
This is seen as Unnecessary killing or destruction which is unlawful. Document 4 says in Article one that you Must make every effort to obtain peace, and once peace is achieved, do not break or breach it. Article two says that a country should Settle disputes so that peace, security, or justice are not endangered. This must stay loyal to the purpose of the United Nations. This goes against what the U.S did as they did not follow these steps of peace which would of maybe helped the war effort and cause less casualties overall.
Russia’s role in support to Serbia in July 1914 is presented by Elena G. Kostrikova. She researches the several failed attempts of the Russian Government to stop the Austro-Hungarian attack on Serbia. Also, Kostrikova presents decisive public solidarity with the Serbs that was widespread across the Russian Empire. Miloš Ković investigates the role Great Britain in an attempt to localize the conflict in the Balkans from 29 to 30 July 1914.
Tensions had in the Balkan region of Europe for years. Austria-Hungary saw the assassinations justification for setting the question of Slavia nationalism once and for all. In July 28, 1914, the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia. Russia mobilized in support of Serbia, Germany invaded the neutral countries of Belgium and Laxenbourg before moving toward France.
However, while yes the Armenians did in fact support Russia during the war the real reason for the Genocide was that the Ottoman Empire wanted to Turkify the region of the world. Turkification was based on the Turkish nationalism held by the Ottomans. A large driving factor of nationalism was to convert the Armenians to Islam as they were, however, Armenians were devoted to
In April 1915, the Turkish army launched an assault on the Armenian populations in the city of Van. The Armenians were being depicted as spies for the Russians by propaganda. Mass deportation and massacre occurred with the remaining Armenian population sent out of the of a death march by Kurds. The First World War was the first instance of total war therefore during this conflict it was difficult to distinguish where the war ended and the genocide began. To this day, Turkey has not recognized the Armenian Genocide as a genocidal act.
Anatolia was located between the Ottoman army’s headquarters and many of the theatres of war. The region bounded the Black Sea, the Mediterranean, the Caucasus, Syria and Mesopotamia. Eastern Anatolia region extended in the east to a line between the Gulf of Iskenderun and the Black sea. Eastern Anatolia was part of the Ottoman Empire, but this region converged with Caucasus which was part of the Russian Empire. Large Armenian population centered in the eastern Anatolia and Young Turks want to secure that region by destroying the Armenians (Bloxham 2002, 39).
Preventing can contain two terms, preventing a genocide to not happen and prevent further destruction and casualties while a genocide is going on. And, genocide most probably happens at the time of war, so to stop that people need to understand its roots such as hatred, intolerance, racism, discrimination and so on. After understanding the early warning and root causes of genocide the convention can mandate to prevent the genocide. It can be done through the UN Peace Keepers, preventive diplomacy or putting pressure on the government in order to change the decisions of political leaders, through humanitarian interventions and human rights. The final option can military forces to prevent the happening genocide when there are no effective
This type of War Doctrine attempts to prevent a future attack by attacking ones opponent first. Pre-emption is commonly viewed as equivalent to self-defense. Pre-emption must be permitted by the United Nations; otherwise it goes against international law, it is considered legitimate because it can be classified under self-defense. The intention when using a Pre-emptive strike is to gain and advantage over the opposing actor. Pre-emption has been used, and has both a success and fail rate.
To govern oneself as one wished is an attribute of independence. A sovereign state may not be disturbed by another state unless it has given the right to intervene. When a state attaches legal consequences to conduct in another state, it exercises control over that conduct, and when such control affects essential interests in the foreign state, it may constitute an interference with the sovereign rights of that foreign
Established in 1945 after the World War II, United Nations Security Council is the most powerful organ among the six organs in United Nations with the authorized power to issue legally binding resolutions. This council consists of 15 members, 5 Permanent Members – the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Russia and China – and 10 Non-Permanent Members voted by the UNGA for 2 years term. According to the charter, the responsibility of UNSC is to maintain international peace and security. It determines the threat to peace and act of aggressor; moreover, it investigates any disputes between the UN Member states. The United Nations Security Council also has the military force to prevent or stop the aggressor.
Article 2(4) of the United Nations Charter states that, "all member states shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, nor in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations” . It is therefore a unilateral agreement signed by member states against the use of force when dealing each other. World events however since the signing and ratification of the UN Charter have indicated that states who are signatories to the charter continue to use force against each other for various reasons. Some 25 years after the writing and ratification of the charter one cannot doubt that states have used force and sought to justify it through individual or collective self-defence claims, as well as humanitarian claims in furtherance of national agendas and to increase territory. This no doubt may have been what frustrated Franck into the stance that Article 2(4) was in its grave.
Globalization has indeed impacted human rights worldwide; however as to whether the impact is negative or positive depends on which part of the world one finds him/herself. “Human Right” by definition “is the right which is believed to belong to every person”. The central idea of globalization is for businesses to develop international influence and operate on an international scale. Globalization has given people the right to information. Thanks to globalization technology has travelled all over the world to help people have easy access to information.