CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 2.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter mainly discuss about the use of personality assessment in personnel recruitment in order to improve the hiring decision. There are two dominants themes of the research questions which include the hiring problem in today world, the research studies in personality as well as the use of current technologies in personality assessment as well. To discuss in more details, these studies explain about the theory of the human behavior prediction and it also discusses how the different personality skills can match with the different job positions. 2.2 HIRING PROBLEM IN TODAY WORLD Hiring wrong employees can have a very huge impact for almost all the businesses in this world. It means …show more content…
The reasons can include the recruiters who make hiring decision based on their own feelings and perceptions , great resume that give the wrong information to the recruiters, fatigue that causes the recruiters to make wrong decision, recruiters bias that affect the hiring process, and also the interviewees who cheat in the personality test. (Rubin) also stated that the distortions of the information can be one of the most important reasons of why the hiring managers today make bad hiring decisions. This is because the hiring managers recruit the person without realizing him or her actually give the inaccurate information on their resumes or application forms (Rubin). Not only this, there are also many books in the market that actually teaches the candidates to distort information during the interview session by giving untrue answers to different interview questions. In this case, distortions of information increase the possibility of hiring wrong employees. Besides, (University of Wisconsin-Madison, 2008) conducted another study on hiring decisions and it stated that the employers always tend to evaluate the applicants based on their biased and stereotypical information about different races and …show more content…
The standard size of letters is the one with the benchmark of 3mm and full height of 9mm. From the figure below (Figure 2.7), there are three zones which are upper zone, middle zone and lower zone. Those handwritings with the size which is less than the normal size is small handwriting and those with larger size is large handwriting. Larger handwriting in Figure 2.8 indicates that he or she is extrovert who has a high level of confidence (Cardenas). Besides, it also indicates that the person is superior and arrogant and has a high demand for attention (Cardenas). Small writing in Figure 2.9 represents the personality traits of respectful, shyness, having a deep thinkings, high level of tolerance and also the high ability to concentrate
Additionally, a body of professional literature concludes that hiring overqualified applicants leads to subsequent job dissatisfaction and turnover. While such studies have been challenged, it cannot be said that their conclusions have been refuted” (Jordan v. City of New London, 1999). Lastly, the court the court further stated “The question presented is not whether a rational basis has been shown for the policy chosen by defendants. It is not for a trier to decide between two bodies of evidence in support of and in contradiction of the validity of that basis. Because defendants have shown that there is a rational basis for its policy, it cannot be found that the policy is arbitrary nor irrational.
3. Personality tests as the name suggests are conducted to measure the prospective employee’s motivation to function in a particular working condition.
The company chooses to hire the white applicant immediately because based on stereotypes, he is more intelligent than the black applicant, even though they have absolutely no other evidence to support this
Annotated Bibliographies for a Candidacy Selection Project: Analysis of Literature Reviews Luis Navarro, Jr. Southern New Hampshire University Annotated Bibliographies for a Candidacy Selection Project: Analysis of Literature Reviews Arthur, W., Woehr, D. J., & Graziano, W. G. (2001). Personality testing in employment settings: Problems and issues in the application of typical selection practices. Personnel Review, 30(6), 657-676. The authors explain, within in this article, the issues of multi-dimensional issues of personality, linear selection model(s), effects of self-selection, biases’ with social desirability, impressionism, and among other complexes (e.g., top-down selection, legal implications).
Additionally, the results showed that “a white name yields as many more callbacks as an additional eight years of experience” (Bertrand). A white sounding name is equal to eight years of hands-on, real world experience, people. That fact alone shows built in bias. And, in a survey done in conjunction with the study, “more than a third of African Americans reportedly experienced racial discrimination during a hiring process. (Bertrand)”
Recruitment Many make the mistake in believing that there is no protection for those whom being recruited by a company. During the recruitment process, employers are not to discriminate in
Discrimination on the basis of caste, colour, ethnicity or religion is against the basic Human Rights. Sadly, job market studies have revealed that black population is often the victim of such racial profiling. Many research papers and studies conducted on this topic suggest that black sounding names are less likely to get a call back for job in comparison to white sounding names. Moreover, black people are often assumed to be drugs and violence, so they are mostly considered inappropriate candidates for high manageable and professional positions, thus they usually end up working on low wages on contracts or part-time jobs.
The study, “Are Emily and Brendan More Employable than Lakisha and Jamal?” examined to test racial prejudice in the work force. Each person in the study submitted two résumés, to top US HR companies. One with their real name and one with a more of a white sounding name. From the study the participants were astounded that they didn’t received any callbacks from the company they sent their resumes with their real names. But they acquired several responses from the same companies with the other résumé.
These situations (although not always the case) pose a threat to both the companies competitive advantages and the strategic goals of an organisation. It is then crucial that the correct hiring processes and requirements are set out by the HR department before the hiring processes begin, it also removes the impression that contingent workers are brought in to offset some of the fallings in the initial recruitment
A personality assessment is a method of examining and knowing human personality traits, this means getting to know the characteristics of various individuals such as behavior’s and social affiliations, to actualize this, we will be applying the Myers – Briggs Types Indicator (MBTI), of emotional intelligent (EI) Key word: Personality Assessment Introduction As we recalled from the above definition of personality assessment, is a method of examining and knowing human personality traits, this means getting to know the characteristics of various individuals such as behavior’s and social affiliations, to actualize this, we will be applying the Myers – Briggs Types Indicator (MBTI), of emotional intelligent
On the other hand, the efficiency of this strategy can be questioned. This happens because in some cases, managers tend to conduct this action by themselves. During this research, irrelevant information rare found such as religious beliefs, race, sexual orientation, disabilities and so forth. Moreover, this kind of information cannot be even used during an interview and it is not a sufficient argument for rejecting an applicant.
Don’t judged a book by its cover. Wrong perceptions in order to hire the employees may cause the lost to the company. For example, some of the company do not want to hire a woman worker because of their perception that, a woman have their complicated emotion and not suit for the professional work. Besides, the managers usually want someone that fully experienced in that section so they do not want to take a risk hire the new generation. However, they should not take easy about that.
Applicants can practise taking them, and even be coached on them to get a better score. When candidates complete a recruitment questionnaire, their answers can be influenced by what is quaintly known as “motivational distortion”. Consciously or subconsciously they may recognise the types of behaviours that the organisation is looking for and their answers reflect that perception rather than their own personality. When this happens, the results of the questionnaire may be unreliable or even misleading.
For example, according to ‘Social Trends in American Life: Findings from the General Social Survey Since 1972’, there are still people stereotypes that Whites are more hardworking compared to Blacks. If a manager keeps this perception and stereotypes Blacks as less hard working, he or she can make a wrong decision in the management process, e.g. prefer to hire a White applicant instead of a Black applicant. The wrong judgment was being proven to occur in the famous study done by Bertrand and Mullainathan (2004). Their study tests how likely applicants with a typical Black name will receive a chance of interview compare with those with a typical White name. The test is done by sending bogus resumes with typical Black names and typical White names and see whether each of them can receive an interview opportunity.
The Big Five Personality Traits are divided into five broad characteristics, which is basically used to describe the variations of human personality. The various characteristics are: • Openness • Agreeableness • Conscientiousness • Neuroticism • Extraversion This model has gained particular popularity as it shows the different traits in a person which comes up with the situational change around the person. Shritika is an entrepreneur by profession and thus meets a lot of client in her workplace. Thus, she shows the trait of Conscientiousness in her behavior of enjoying her work and meeting up new clients is a part of her job role.