Hybrid Machining Research Paper

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
The machining conductive as well as nonconductive advanced engineering materials such as glass, ceramics, quartz, granite and composite materials are difficult to machine by usual process. These materials are having wide range of applications in the field of automobile, aerospace and defense field. So processing of these materials is necessary with easy and economical way. Hence Hybrid Machining Process (HMP’s) like ECSM is evolved and is shown in fig1.1. ECSM is the combination of ECM and ESM process, Electro Chemical Machining (ECM) and Electro Spark Machining (ESM) can machine only electrically conductive materials and these two are mot preferable for machining non-conducting and partially conducting advanced materials.

In this project combination of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide is used as electrolytic solution.
1. Caustic soda (NaOH)
It is also known as sodium hydroxide, having caustic metallic base. It is hygroscopic readily absorb water as presented in air, so it should be stored in a container. Caustic soda is soluble in water with the liberation of heat along with also dissolves in ethanol and methanol, although it shows lower solubility in these solvents than potassium hydroxide. Molten sodium hydroxide is also a strong base, however high temperature is required to limits applications. Sodium hydroxide solution will leave a yellow stain on fabric in addition to paper.
It is used in several industries, mostly as a strong chemical base in the produce of pulp and paper, textile, drinking water, soaps plus detergents in addition to a drain cleaner. Unpolluted sodium hydroxide is a white solid obtainable in the form of pallets; flake granules furthermore as a 50% saturated solution.
Properties of sodium hydroxide

Caustic potash is usually in the form of pallets, it will tracks in air because KOH is also hygroscopic. As a result, KOH is typically contains varying amount of water as well as carbonates. When it dissolved in water is sturdily exothermic, meaning the process gives momentous heat. Even at elevated temperatures, rock-solid KOH does not dehydrate readily. Thermal stability: NaOH and KOH exhibits elevated thermal stability. Because of its high stability along with relatively low melting point, this is often melt cast like pellets or rods, form with the purpose of have low surface area and convenient handling properties. As a base, KOH is highly basic, creating strong alkaline solutions in water and other solvents. In analytical chemistry, titrations using solutions of KOH are used as test acids.

3.1.5 Mixed