Hydraulic Fracturing Disadvantages

The cracking process also reduces CO_2 emissions. Therefore comparatively reduced environmental pollution. The benefits of catalytic cracking in comparison with other known processes are: The aim of technology is to work with a technology called catalytic cracking with zeolites. Catalytic cracking with zeolites is a relatively simple process, which takes place in simple apparatus inexpensive to construct and under pressure less atmosphere and transportation costs are minimized. The process is cheap.

It is also cheaper than coal or burning gas. Also the wind energy is a moral energy because it doesn’t have to kill any living thing like plants or animals to produce electricity and it uses natural wind to convert electricity, so it is better than digging in the earth to get fossil fuels and burning to get

In fact, natural gas has safety advantages compared to gasoline and diesel because it is non-toxic, and has no potential for ground or water contamination in the event of a fuel release. Natural gas is lighter than air and dissipates rapidly when released. An odorant is added to provide a distinctive and intentionally disagreeable smell that is easy to

Over time, igneous rock is weathered down by a variety of actions such as chemical, physical and biological weathering. The weathered rock forms sediment and can eventually be lithified to form sedimentary rocks. Alternatively, when introduced to different temperature and pressure conditions, igneous and sedimentary rocks may form the third type of rocks: metamorphic rocks. There are a number of environmental issues that may come about due to processes within the rock cycle (NYU, 2015). Examples of environmental issues that occur as a result of weathering are the various forms of mass wasting.

Aluminum is very light, about one third the weight of a cast iron Dutch oven, so it is easier for handling, and it heats much faster than iron Dutch ovens. The lighter weight, however, means that there is a higher risk of hot spots, especially if you are cooking outside on a windy day. The aluminum also has a lower melting

Adsorption is one of the major process used for the removal of Cr(VI) worldwide because it is inexpensive, widely applicable, efficient and creates little amount of sludge(Kannan and Rengasamy, 2005). Chromium can be removed using adsorbents of natural as well as chemical origin. However, these bio-adsorbents have various disadvantages like waste may itself contain various toxicants and subsequently increase the organic content of water. Studies have showed adsorption capacities and applicability for some low-cost materials, among others like alluminium oxide, chitosan, bentonite, saw dust and waste slurry (Dubey and Gopal, 2007). Activated carbon is an effective inexpensive adsorbent which has use in various industries to purify water (D Mohan and Chander, 2001; Yoshihara et al.,2007; Yin et al., 2007).

Biodiesel is much safer than diesel from petroleum when biodiesel is escaped to the surrounding environment; moreover, it is much less inflammable as biodiesel’s flashpoint is 130°C as compared to petroleum diesel which is only 52°C. As a result, biodiesel is low-risk to be stored, kept, and delivered (U.S Department of Energy). Trans-esterification reaction can be illustrated as following: Triglyceride + Alcohol → Methyl esters (biodiesel) + Glycerol (Vegetable oil) (Methanol) FIGURE 1.1 Typical trans-esterification reaction is carried out to produce Biodiesel (AOCS Lipid Library) Furthermore, biodiesel can be produced from the tobacco seed and soya bean which tobacco seed oil reduces the

 Butanol has a lower vapor pressure, which reduces the chance of vapor lock  Butanol is safer to handle with a Reid Value of 0.33 psi, which is a measure of a fluid's rate of evaporation when compared to gasoline at 4.5 and ethanol at 2.0 psi.  Butanol is an alcohol that can be but does not have to be blended with fossil fuels.  Butanol because of improved combustion efficiency when consumed in an internal combustion engine yields no SOX, NOX or carbon monoxide all environmentally harmful byproducts of combustion. CO2 is the combustion byproduct of butanol, and is considered environmentally 'green'.  Butanol is far less corrosive than ethanol and can be shipped and distributed through existing pipelines and filling stations.

Fracking is a procedure in which workers bore deep into the ground to extract natural gases by blasting water into the fractures and breaks in the Earth. This may harm and pollute the water that is underground, as it mixes with the various chemicals used for fracking. A documentary on fracking made by the movie producer Josh Fox showed residents near fracking wells igniting their tap water with matches. The water from the tap contained methane, which is the main component for natural gas and researchers from Duke University had discovered higher levels of methane in groundwater near shale gas wells (Kowalski, 32). It is conceivable to reason that the natural gas had leaked out amid the process of fracking, and mixed into the groundwater.

The creation of helium is also safe, since that it is non-flammable, non-reactive with any other element, and replenishes the depleted recourse. The reactants, hydrogen and boron, are among the most abundant elements on earth. These elements can be used in excess without any repercussion. (Ruggiero

One advantage of butanol over ethanol is that it is much less anhydrous, which greatly reduces the risk of water contain absorption by the fuel, with a higher latent heat of vaporization, butanol is expected to have lower indicated specific fuel consumption. This lower latent heat of vaporization may also limit evaporation problems especially in a stratified direction injection spark ignition (DISI) and in cold