1.1 Natural Factors
Hydropower generation is renewable and clean energy source which helps in achieving climatic policy target of Swiss confederations as HP operation does not produce any CO2
As we that HP depends on natural cycle and influence by change in the natural condition.Melting snow in glaciers and precipitation are the major factors influencing seasonality. Around 40% of the runoff in Switzerland comes from the melting snow. It is expected that during summers the precipitation will decrease and will increase during winters this will affect the river runoff. These patterns will determine the seasonability of the electricity availability.
In addition to hydrological factors hydropower plants influence by sedimentation
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It chancels flowing water from the river to flow the turbines. It provides continuous supply of electricity. The flexibility of these plants are very low and operate as base load plant in Switzerland
2.) Storage hydroelectric power plant uses a dam to store water in a reservoir, usually the power plant is very big. In this type of power plant water is released from the reservoir through the turbines which turns the generator on. These plants has high head high flexibility and water storage makes them less depended on the natural flow of river. Storage hydroelectric power plant full fill the peak load requirement of Switzerland
3.) Pumped storage hydropower plant has two reservoir lower and upper between which water is pumped or released based on the supply and demand situation . Pumped storage hydropower plant is therefore facilities the storage of electricity form the market or grid in the form of pumped water when excess energy is
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Turbines can be classified as impulse turbine (Pelton turbine) or reaction turbine ( Kaplan & Francis turbine). Efficiency of reaction turbines is usually lower than impulse turbine. Run-off-river plants usually uses Kaplan turbines and storage HP plants with high head uses Pelton turbines. For pumped storage plant the choice of turbine is defined by its pumping ability. They can install separate pump and turbine or make use of reaction turbine for multiple purpose such as Francis turbine. The capital investment cost for combined pump turbine is lower however the switching time between two modes is longer which makes them less efficient compare to separate installation.
The second technical consideration is the type of conduit used in HP plants which consists of pipelines, penstocks and tunnels which regulates the water flow of the plant. The design of conduit system plays an vital role in defining the power generation potential of HP plant.
For pumped storage plants the dam type is an important consideration for defining the water head and storage capacity, generally concrete gravity dams, concrete arc dams and embankment dams are
Throughout the centuries, humans have been attempting to find a way to power homes, cars, and other luxuries in the most efficient way possible. Coal and oil were two major sources that begin being exploited during the industrial revolution. Both have caused great controversy over the years from lawsuits to strikes. A new way to drill oil, hydraulic fracturing, was discovered and was an efficient means of drilling until its effects became prevalent. Also, when coal began to run out, a new method called mountaintop removal took hold, but continues to damage the earth.
The progressive era in the United States helped to spawn one of the first great conservative movements in the country. The conservative movement occurred as a result of the troubling theory that the fast paced urban development and industrial growth of the nation would lead to the extinction of wilderness areas in the United States. One of the most significant events during the era was that of the debate over the construction of the O 'Shaughnessy Dam in the Hetch Hetchy Valley located in California’s Yosemite National Park. After an earthquake crippled the city of San Francisco in the early 1900’s, the residents of the city recognized that they would require better-equipped ways to make certain that they had a steady supply of electricity and
I Company Vision RaizArc Energy’s company vision, or core ideology is broken up into core values, and a core purpose. A core ideology is an unchanging credo that lasts for the duration of the company’s life (Collins & Porras, 1996). Thus, RaizArc aims to deliver sustainable energy. Therefore, the core values are safety, innovation, sustainability, and reliability. Next, the core purpose defines the reason behind a company’s conception (Collins & Porras, 1996).
Some might ask why Hydrofracking is positive. Well there can be many reasons. People only hear the negative effects of fracking because when people want something changed they usually tend to leave the positive part out. New York has recently been head of a massive debate among the people and the energy companies. The technology used in hydrofracking is very advanced and has the potential to drastically reduce our reliance on foreign fuel imports.
While turbines do have storm modes that stop the rotors from spinning during severe weather, sometimes this fails and causes massive damage. Certainly, many more advances must be made before wind can become a viable power source in
Leaves change colors because of chlorophyll. 2. Animals are affected due to seasonal weather changes. Some animals migrate to warmer places while others hibernate until it is warmer. 3.
This is true because “once a dam has been built and the equipment installed, the energy source—flowing water—is free. It's a clean fuel source that is renewable yearly by snow and rainfall. Hydropower is also readily available; engineers can control the flow of water through the turbines to produce electricity on demand”
With The motion of the turbines, the mechanical energy is then harnessed into electrical energy from the generator in the dam. Kentucky has three hydro-powered dams since 2014 so this means that Kentucky already has experience in this for of
The Hetchy Dam controversy of the early 1900’s was a debate that shaped how America has dealt with the environment since. The debate featured those for the proposed dam the conservationists and those opposed the preservationists. These arguments were brought before congress to make a decision about the fate of the valley. The debate over the Hetch Hetchy dam was about whether preserving the environment the way it is or using our natural resources efficiently had more value to human society.
There would be no plant growth, so less oxygen for people, and food for certain animals if the sun was blocked. Short term would be plants deprived of light for growth and food, and long term would be humans and animals being affected greatly from lack of producers. There will be absolutely no growth of any sort for plants or humans because there would be no sunlight to produce anything, therefore everything will go extinct and there will be no living things on earth. The producers will not have any source to grow, the consumers won’t be alive basically because there is no food source and the predators will die because they too won’t have a food source, the decomposers would become food source’s for the new plants because of adaptation and the world will become overfilled with dead bodies, and the
As most of the time Haitian coffee exports very stable, the impact of hurricane caused by climate change do influenced economic very much. There is one more example to show the impact of climate change (drought) to economic. The crop cycle, agriculture labor, and many other activities center around the wet and dry seasons, normally April to October, and November and March. However, because of the mountains, prevailing winds, and other factors, the amount of annual rainfall can vary considerably within Haiti: The Central Plateau and other windward regions receive 56 inches (1,400
In addition, many African rivers and waterfalls could be used to produce hydroelectric power. Africa
1. Introduction Water is crucial to our survival! Water is one of the scarcest commodities in the world at the moment; some argue that it is scarcer than oil. Wars have been fought over oil; therefore a war over water is a very big possibility in the years to come on this planet. With the current growth of the world’s population and the increase in demand for water in the agricultural industry, the issue of water scarcity is very likely to get worse and worse (Gupta, 2016).
What cause Earths’ seasons? A. Earth’s distance from the sun B. the solstice and equinoxes C. Earth’s tilt axis D. the Moon’s gravitational pull 21. Which would describe the path of the Sun across the winter sky in the Northern Hemisphere? A. high and to the north B. low and to the south C. high and directly overhead D. low and directly overhead 22. Look at the bar graph.