Hyperemesis Gravidarum

Blood tests and a computed tomography (CT) scan quickly revealed this was not the case. However, blood tests showed signs of hyponatremia. Too much water intake may lead to acute hyponatremia Hyponatremia is a medical situation caused by unusually low levels of sodium - lower than 134 millimoles per liter. Acute hyponatremia, which develops in with in 2days, is regarded an emergency, as it can have fatal neurological outcomes. Seriously low levels of sodium can result in cerebral edema with enhanced levels of intracranial pressure and brain herniation.

PRE-ECLAMPSIA Description Preeclampsia is a condition that occurs only during pregnancy. Some symptoms of preeclampsia may include high blood pressure and protein in the urine, occurring after week 20 of pregnancy. Preeclampsia is often precluded by gestational hypertension. While high blood pressure during pregnancy does not necessarily indicate preeclampsia, it may be a sign of another problem. Pre-eclampsia is one of the most common cause of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.

Pelvic organ prolapse is a common female disorder in which the pelvic organs slip downward from their original position in the abdomen and push onto the walls of the vagina. Pelvic organ prolapse is more ordinarily found in women with multiple vaginal deliveries, prolonged or traumatic deliveries, or in postmenopausal women. Risk factors include advancing age, parity, and obesity (Machin & Mukhopadhyay, 2011). The most commonly reported symptoms are a feeling of fullness or pressure in the lower abdomen that descends into the vagina, as well as pain, urinary incontinence, and sexual discomfort (UT Southwestern Medical Center, 2016). The pressure from the organs shifting downwards can cause a change in the normal urinary pattern, leading to urinary incontinence and

Postpartum depression has many causes; these are resultant from physical, emotional or both changes. After childbirth, the body changes very quickly. The hormonal levels go down; the milk rises, and the breasts may become swollen, making you feel exhausted. These physical realities can trigger feelings of discouragement and melancholy. Emotionally, you may feel nervous or anxious about the baby's well-being and the transition to motherhood, or it may be hard to adjust to the new routine.

Excessive prolactin levels result to excessive production of breast milk or obstruct with fertility. Should treatment is required medication as a dopamine agonist can efficiently contract the tumor and lower the production of prolactin. Infrequently, prolactinomas do not react well to the medication in such cases, possible surgery, exposing radiation, or both may be required.

The terms for all three were nearly full, coming in at 34-38 weeks there were still low birth rates in two of the births. The heroin use and low birth rates has been seen in other studies as well. There was a study on mice that involved injecting heroin twice daily during pregnancy to see the results. There were two findings that supported the real life heroin use. After the mice gave birth the average birth rate was lower compared to the control group.

Symptoms Sanfilippo syndrome The symptoms generally appear between the ages of two and six.  Delayed development followed by deteriorating mental status, Sleep difficulties and Stiff joints that may not extend fully. 

INTRODUCTION Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) form a group of heterogeneous disorders that affect the kidneys, ureters and bladder. In this group are included common problems such as vesicoureteral reflux to severe life-threatening malformations as bilateral renal agenesis. (1-4) In young children, CAKUT are the main cause of end-stage kidney disease, leading to the need for kidney transplantation or dialysis, causing a major impact on growth, maturation, and disturbed cognitive development and leading to a poor life expectancy (5-6).

Recurrent implantation failure (RIF) and recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) are the major problems faced by infertile couples undergoing in-vitro fertilization1.Early embryonic mortality is very high in humans, and it was analysed that the principal cause for failed pregnancy is an error of implantation2,3,4.The incidence of recurrent pregnancy loss should be approximately 1 in 300 pregnancies. The etiologies for RPL are parental chromosomal abnormalities, uterine anomalies, endocrine dysfunction, autoimmune disorders, maternal and paternal age, infectious diseases, environmental toxins, etc. Spontaneous pregnancy loss is a common occurrence; approximately 15% of all clinically proven pregnancies result in spontaneous abortions, even many more pregnancies fails prior to being clinically recognized. Only 30 % of all conceptions results in live birth5. At least three consecutive pregnancy losses before 20 weeks from the last menstrual period is said to be recurrent miscarriage or habitual abortion.

One of these more susceptible groups is pregnant women. According Sarah Russell, a postgraduate student at Vanderbilt University, in her paper on the effects of caffeine on pregnant women, “Recent studies have shown that consuming more than 300 milligrams of caffeine a day will increase one’s chances of a miscarriage, and… high levels of caffeine may also cause birth defects, preterm delivery, reduced fertility and low birth weight.” The paper goes on to state that a fetus takes almost ten times as long to break down caffeine as the adult body does (Russell, Sarah). To explain this further, so as to make it easier to understand, pregnant women can only consume 75% of the amount of caffeine the average person can without risking major problems for the

Nearly 5% to 10% of females are affected with PCOS. Are you wondering what PCOS is? PCOS (Poly Cystic Ovarian Syndromes) also known as hyperandrogenic anovulation is a problem in which womens hormones are out of balance. It can cause problems with your periods and make it difficult to get pregnant. There are many signs to look for when you think you may be affected by PCOS.

Children under the age of two and older adults who have weak immune systems are at the most risk. Pneumococcal meningitis is harmful and can cause severe brain damage or ca even cause someone to go deaf. Meningococcal meningitis is the second most common form of meningitis and it is caused by the bacterium Neisseria meningitides. People at risk for this disease include infants under the age of one, people who travel to foreign countries, freshmen in college who live in the dorms and people with suppressed immune systems. Between 10 and 15 percent of the cases are fatal and 10 to 15 percent up end with brain

Case Study Unit 1: Birth Defects Birth defects are a major issue in the United States. This problem can be prevented with a good screening and implemented good teaching methods to the women with reproductive age. There are many condition that may play major roles in the cause of the babies who born with certain type of deformities. One of the biggest problem that may contribute with these birth defects is a lack of nutrients based one folic acid.