With the current data of the maternal and child mortality and morbidity in the United states. It has decreased over the last century but it has been increasing in certain ethnicities. Such as in 2007 the mortality rate was about 12.7 deaths per live births when in 1987 it was only about 6.6. With hispanic and black women it is not too far from 8.9 deaths. Some of the most common complications relate from pregnancy, internal hemorrhage and eclampsia.
Some of the practices that help in promoting optimal safety in the birthing process. Include hygiene, health and antibiotics which decreased the risk for morbidity and mortality. With the advances in medicine today it helped made birthing safer for high-risked women. Even though it does not change the fact that there is a possible risk to happen in the hospital. There is still a chance in complications in the birthing process such as an cesarean section. With any type of intervention, there is a possible chance that it will harm the mother and the baby. Every pregnant
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Which makes the mother at risk in developing hypovolemia. Epidurals lengthen labor, increase the risks of an severe perineal having an cesarean section. They increase the chances of complications from assisted delivery such as forceps. When women with an epidural have a forceps assisted delivery. It can increase the risks of bruising, facial injuries to baby. It can also increase the chance of tears to the vagina and perineum in mothers. Since the immune system of a baby are immature, it takes longer for them to strain the epidural drugs. It also adds to the fact that using this type of anesthetic will effect the immune system of the newborn. Which will compromise the fetal's oxygen and blood pressure such as fetal bradycardia. Even though an epidural is effective for pain relief. It can cause side effects in both the child and the mother and interfere with the birth
Pregnancy - when the mother had sickness or neglect during pregnancy (taking alcohol and etc) it can impact on the later child development. It is important that during pregnancy that necessary pregnancy support and care is provided. There is some medical condition like preeclamsia can cause premature birth and may lead to blindness and deafness and later in life will affect the child 's ability to learn or learn quickly. 2. Accidents and illness - some illnesses has effect on child 's ability to learn, by taking some medications that has side effects can affects child 's learning process later in life.
There are more techniques and strategies for births today. The mother’s are taught to plan ahead and what to do in the event of their water breaking. The doctors today are more skilled to deal with complications if any occur during the birth. Medicine is also a key factor to the advancement of pain management for the mothers with pain during contractions. Epidural and Natural births both have advanced since my Nana’s birth the medicines are more advanced with helping with pain.
Inequality has been around since the stone age and continues to make its presence known today. Rebecca Skloots book, The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks, is an example of the inequality shown to African-Americans in the medical world. Specifically, the unequal medical care Henrietta Lacks received, which many other black women experienced as well. In her book, Skloot suggests that African-American women suffer from psychological effects after receiving unequal medical care, do not receive equal medical treatment, and are more likely to die from maternal complications. Researchers agree, stating that these are common occurrences in the medical industry.
The DES poisoning represents genuine threats to the body while a child is in the utero. Jane displays her own infertility to the regular practices of recommending DES to women who were at risk of having an unsuccessful labor. Jane’s mother had four miscarriages before Jane was conceived, and to anticipate another miscarriage, she was prescribed to DES. Because of the negative consequences on the reproductive system caused by DES, Jane’s mother had her ovaries removed. The side-effects of DES and its multigenerational impact caused Jane to develop a deformed uterus.
Health disparities is not only a Clayton County issue but a national issue as well. Consequently, Healthy People 2020 initiated a decisive goal to reduce health disparities among all Americans by the year 2020. One of this goals of Healthy People 2020 is the reduction of infant mortality rate among Americans to a target goal of 6.0 deaths per 1,000 live births.1 In 2015, infant mortality rates for black non-Hispanics were 2.2 times that of white non-Hispanics. As it relates to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) black non-Hispanics mothers were 2 times greater than that of white non-Hispanics mothers.
Although this seems to contradict itself with nonmaleficence or the idea of not harming the baby, the goal is to not let the baby go through withdrawal in utero, but to manage withdrawal care for the infant after delivery. Once the baby is delivered, the baby is closely monitored for signs and symptoms of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome. Depending on the substance used, the clinical presentation of signs and symptoms of withdrawal could appear anytime from immediately after birth to up to seven days after delivery (Kremer and Arora, 2015). These babies exhibit a wide array of symptoms such as, but not limited to: foul-smelling diarrhea, a shrieking cry that sounds painful and is near impossible to soothe, abdominal cramping and firm on palpation, sweats similar to that of a middle-aged female going experiencing menopausal symptoms, seizures, and often have an immature sucking reflex which increases the difficulty of soothing and feeding a baby going through Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (Maguire, Webb, Passmore, and Cline,
Before Roe v. Wade made abortion legal many women had to give themselves abortions by using knitting needles, radiator flush, coat hangers, or by going to an unsafe abortionists(http://abortion.procon.org/). In 1972 which is pre Roe v. Wade there was 39 maternal deaths caused by unsafe abortions. The In 1976 post Roe v. Wade there was 4 deaths caused by abortion(http://abortion.procon.org/). The number dropped dramatically once abortion became legal. Abortion is much more safe than older medical procedures that can be done, like giving birth.
Factors such as lack of health insurance, poor living conditions, being under-educated, stress and the lack of social support can put the infants at risk for mortality. Many African Americans, especially those who are poor and those working without health care benefits, are less likely than white Americans to have a usual source of health care (Copeland, 2005). An environment a person lives in is related to health problems too. Families living in urban areas are confronted with the constant challenges of population density, inadequate or unaffordable housing, overcrowding, limited access to resources, and high crime rates (Copeland, 2005). African American families are at risk for SIDS due to the environment that the baby is discharged.
A. Though there is no specific medical reasoning for these early births there are things that decreases your chances of having a full term pregnancy. 1. For most of us it is common sense not to smoke, drink, or use any drug while pregnant. The toxins in each of these can cause miscarriages, and increases your risk premature labor and a low birth weight for your baby. 2.
A patient presented to the labor and delivery unit in labor. The patient was a gravida four and para three at 35-weeks gestation with a history of precipitous labors and a previous cesarean section. Upon vaginal examination, the patient was dilated to a six and the physician ordered for the patient to be admitted. The standard protocol of admitting a labor patient, which included lab work, patient history, the signing of consents, and establishing an intravenous (IV) access. During the admission process, the patient’s labor progresses and requests an epidural for labor pain control.
It affects around 5-8% of all pregnancies. When superimposed with convulsions it is termed as eclampsia. Other high-risk factors are multiple pregnancy, hydramnios, and molar pregnancy. It is estimated that around 1400 women dye from pregnancy-related causes
According to McKinney (2018), vaginal birth is the safest method of delivery, and cesarean section is used as the last resort when signs of maternal or fetal distress are present. Although
This will cause the endometrial wall to be thicker but it is important to tell the
The arrival of a new baby, especially the first always marks a new beginning for a mother. It comes with a lot of challenges more so if the mother is less knowledgeable about baby care. Take such as cleaning the baby for the first time, or feeding, it is not easy. The baby is still fragile and slippery and needs a special care. But if the mother is not ready for all these, or maybe, does not have any knowledge on what to do, the baby’s life might be endangered since the baby needs a special care which only the mother can give.