Identify And Explain The Difference Between Hip Extension And Elbow Flexion

Standing from a Seated Position When standing, the movements are knee extension, hip extension, elbow extension, wrist flexion, and shoulder extension. The primary extensors of the knee are the quadriceps, the patella, and the patellar tendon (Knee Extensor Mechanism Injuries, 2024). The muscles involved in hip extension are the gluteus maximus, the adductor magnus, and the muscles of the biceps femoris, which include the semitendinosus and the semimembranosus (Neumann, 2010). For elbow extension, the primary muscle is the triceps brachii (Muscles That Move the Elbow | Acland’s Video Atlas of Human Anatomy, n.d.). Although various forearm muscles aid in wrist flexion, the two most important are the flexor carpi radialis, and flexor carpi ulnaris

Matt will begin this movement by lifting his arm (shoulder flexion) while also lifting his forearm towards his lower arm (elbow flexion). Shoulder flexion uses the deltoid, biceps brachii, pectoralis major, and coracobrachialis. Elbow flexion uses the brachioradialis, biceps brachii, and the brachialis. From here, he will extend his arm out (shoulder adduction) while also extending his forearm from his upper arm (elbow extension). Shoulder adduction uses the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and teres major, while elbow extension uses the triceps brachii. During this time, he will also pronate his forearm; if it is not in a state of pronation at the initiation of this movement, then he will close his hand around the chopstick (finger flexion). The muscles responsible for the pronation of the forearms are the pronator teres and the pronator quadratus. There are various forearm muscles involved in finger flexion; however, the main muscles responsible for finger flexion are the digitorum profundus and the flexor digitorum

Raising the chicken and rice from a bowl to his mouth will require several movements. To begin, Matt will lift his entire arm (shoulder flexion) and towards his bowl of chicken and rice (shoulder adduction) while extending his upper arm outwards to reach the bowl (elbow extension). Shoulder flexion utilizes the deltoid, biceps brachii, pectoralis major, and coracobrachialis, shoulder adduction uses the pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi, and teres major, and elbow extension uses the triceps brachii. Once his hand has reached the bowl, he will scoop the chicken and rice by bending his upper arm towards his lower arm (elbow flexion) while also bending his palm towards his forearm (wrist flexion). Elbow flexion uses the brachioradialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis while wrist flexion uses the flexor carpi radialis and flexor carpi ulnaris. Once he has a scoop of chicken and rice, he will pull his arm back (scapular retraction, shoulder extension, and abduction), up (shoulder flexion and scapular elevation), and bend his forearm towards his mouth (elbow flexion and shoulder internal rotation along the transverse plane). Scapular retraction uses the trapezius, rhomboids, and the latissimus dorsi (Cowan et al., 2023), and shoulder extension uses the deltoid, latissimus dorsi, pectoralis major, teres major, trapezius, and subscapularis, shoulder abduction uses the supraspinatus, deltoid, trapezius, and serratus anterior