The adolescents’ developmental tasks are as follows: a) achieving new and mature relation with age-mates of both sexes, b) achieving a masculine or feminine social roles, c) accepting one’s physical and using one’s body effectively, d) desiring acceptance and achieving socially responsible behavior, e) achieving emotional independence from parents and adults, f) preparing for an economic career, g) preparing for marriage and family life, h) acquiring a set of values an ethical system as a guide to behavior-developing an ideology, and i) developing intellectual skills and concepts necessary for civic competence. Adolescence is indeed a time for opportunity and risks. It provides an avenue for growth not only in physical dimensions but also in cognitive and social competence, autonomy, self-esteem, and intimacy. It is a time of changes and building more the
Identity development during adolescence Adolescence is a developmental transition between childhood and adulthood and also a period of prominent change for teenagers when physical changes are happening at an accelerated rate. Adolescence is not just marked by physical changes but also cognitive, social, emotional and interpersonal changes as well. The development of a strong and stable sense of self known as identity development is widely considered to be one of the crucial tasks of adolescence. Identity development of an adolescent is influenced by external factors, such as their environment, culture, religion, school and the media. Despite the fact that identity development occurs throughout one 's lifetime, adolescence is the stage where individuals begin to think and experience a sense of self or identity for the first time and how that could affect their lives (Steinberg, 2008).
The study indicates identity as individual sense of own self. It can be seen as the process of clarifying the role of an individual. The formation of identity would also mean showing ones unique characteristics. Identity crisis is referred to as “rediscovering of ones self or establishing ones self image” during period of adolescence. Now day’s children in the age group of 12-18 are in the stage where they are growing physically, mentally and psychologically.
According to "6.3 Adolescence: Developing Independence and Identity | Introduction to Psychology," (2015) identity is who or what one is as an individual or as a member of a social group. It is a new sense of oneself that emerges during adolescence. Identity development is
This stage is especially crucial because the identity built now is the basis for decisions that follow them into adulthood. Adolescents want to find a place for themselves in the future’s society in terms of career, family, housing, and many other aspects in this phase of life. They begin to reevaluate the information they had previously learned about themselves in an attempt to finalize their identities. All of the information they have gained about themselves in the previous stages is going through a semi-final review before adolescents make life-changing decisions based on their self-concept. They are using the information to find their role in society and their true identity.
Self-representation development continues throughout adulthood. Because self-representation involves social and cognitive constructions, changes in self-representation occur with individuals’ cognitive and social development. Psychologist Susan Harter has conducted highly influential research on the developmental course of self-representation. Excerpts from Harter’s summary of self-representation development from early childhood through adolescence (Harter, 1988) are presented in the Table 1. In addition to cognitive and social maturation, changes in one’s social context may be equally important influences on self-representation.
According to Sigelman and Rider (2015), an adolescent’s progress towards identity formation in various domains is a product of five factors: Cognitive development, personality, quality of relationship with parents, opportunities for exploration and cultural context. Firstly, cognitive development plays a role in identity formation, because adolescents who are able to think in abstract ways, actively seek new information, which makes them more likely than other adolescents to resolve identity issues (Berzonsky & Kuk, 2000; Waterman, 1992). Secondly, personality plays a role in identity formation by influencing an individual in terms of their openness to experience and conscientiousness, which influences their exploration and identity achievement (Sigelman & Rider, 2015). Thirdly, the relationship with parents plays an important role in terms of closeness and autonomy (Sigelman & Rider, 2015). As previously mentioned, Andrew’s father is too controlling, which has limited Andrew’s ability to make decisions based on his own beliefs.
According to the book “identity status” refers to the point in the identity development process that characterizes an adolescent at a given time (Marcia, 1966). Some researchers have used a procedure that makes an emphasis on the processes of exploration-trying out with diverse ideas about occupations, values, relationships…- and commitment-creating options among different choices-. A number of theorists have created two different stages: exploration in depth (“making a commitment to an identity and then exploring one’s options) and exploration in breadth (“exploring one’s options and then making a further commitment”) (e.g., Luyckx, Goossens, & Soenens, 2006). Other theorists have seen identity growth as a more “dynamic process.” All of them
They will acquire their personal identity during adolescence stage. They will start to think and plan for their future and choose a lifestyle and interests that fit their own personal identity. Sometimes stress will increase especially in face of conflicts during this stage as the adolescent starts to concern about their physical appearance and searching for their personal
Their choices are defined by the experiences and influences they have in their lives such as their parents, peers, role models, interests, strengths and weaknesses (Jr, McClain, Musch, & Reardon, 2013). During adolescence, students seek to know themselves better and look for help to discover their identity, and this includes their occupational