Throughout history, there have been many famous philosophers that contribute multiple different theories to humanity. This essay is going to focus on Immanuel Kant major theories in depth. The first theory focuses on knowing the difference between an “Animal and Human”. The second theory is to better understand how an individual can make certain decisions during their lifetime. The third theory is knowing the importance of goodwill and good intention. The final theory focuses on hypothetical and categorical imperatives. It will be important to understand how these two imperatives can help to shape society. Also, I will share a personal story that involves Kant theories. …show more content…
If a person is unsure or wants to know the future outcome of their action then they might reflect on their past experience. An example can be if an individual enjoys eating cookies. If a person is hungry then they have a desire to eat something that will satisfy their hunger. An individual might see their favorite brand of cookies in front of them. The person might not eat a small portion of cookies but instead eat everything in front of them. During the moment the person might enjoy the cookies. Yet, after a few minutes, the individual might regret their decision for finishing the box of cookies. The individual might feel sick and their stomach could possibly hurt. The person will remember the outcomes of their decision. In the future, the person might decide not to eat every single cookie and will eat at a limited amount. Humans reflect by thinking of memories from the past to make a decision in the present moment. Therefore, they will have an idea what will happen in the future. Kant argues that memory gives reason to individuals, which allows them to make certain decisions. Kant feels that goodwill and good intention is equal. Kant believes that if a person applies an action with good intentions or goodwill then it doesn’t matter of the outcome. Kant feels that people cannot have total control of the outcome. The outcome could be either good or bad. Its just important to have good will …show more content…
Humans give more thought to their everyday activities. It allows humans to make certain decisions based on their experiences and trying to know the outcome by committing a certain action. The third theory shows that goodwill and good intention is important to have, but it doesn’t matter of the outcome. The hypothetical imperative creates an idea of how to treat people, while categorical imperatives try to establish something that majority of the world population would follow. Kant knows that reason drives to people to commit certain actions and how order is established in
In Groundwork for the Metaphysics of Morals, Kant does not presume to establish moral laws; he posits the basis for moral law itself. Through this process, Kant introduces the opposing concepts of heteronomy, laws provided externally for the individual, and autonomy, laws established via the application of reason. The implication arises that autonomy under Kant's definition is freedom, and that autonomy is a requisite for moral actions. To fully develop an understanding of this relationship it is crucial to deconstruct and integrate his notions of: will, duty, maxim, and imperative. Humans have the unique ability to perceive natural law, and imagine or will those forces to be different.
The final ethical theory is Kant’s deontology. Immanuel Kant was a German philosopher who admire the stoics for their dedication to performing their duties and playing their part. He based his theory on duties, obligations, and rights. Its main focus is that everyone has an inherited right. It highlights the importance of respecting a person autonomy.
Since the dawn of humanity, people have acted with various intentions and various degrees of judgement. For centuries, people have considered the necessity of considering the outcomes before action. In “The Rime of the Ancient Mariner”, Samuel Taylor Coleridge argues that one should avoid impulsive action. Similarly, Frankenstein by Mary Shelley concerns the importance of contemplating the outcomes before action. One should never act without consideration, instead avoiding impulsive behavior.
Was the Captain morally right in ordering the eight men to risk their lives for one man, just to make himself feel better? Was his choice made worse by the fact that he knew these men had been trained to follow orders, even to their own detriment? In my opinion Kant’s theory is once again shown to have a negative impact on people. In Hotel Rwanda it is used to excuse inaction by the U.N troops and in Saving Private Ryan, the soldiers, training to follow the rules of their leaders is used to send them on what is essentially a suicide mission for the sake of one man, who could be dead.
Kant’s theories believed that human beings have moral values
Elmedina Selimovic Ethics HU 220 Professor Fredregill August 10th, 2015 In this paper I will be applying presented ethical theory to contemporary ethical issues. The ethical theory that I chose is Kant’s Critique of Practical Reason. I will be giving a examples of moral philosophy. I will be going over three different things: Kantian ethics, Categorical Imperative and Autonomy.
Immanual Kant’s philosophy puts a single idea above all else: the idea of dignity. Everything revolves around the philosophy that humans are autonomous creatures worthy of dignity, and all interaction between people should have dignity at the center of it. He also highly values doing the right thing for the right reasons, and not because it leads to a desirable outcome or positive feeling. Kantian thought leads to some interesting scenarios that put it head-to-head with compassionate thought. For example, there is no such thing as a white lie in Kantian thought.
Hypothetical imperatives are duties that people ought to observe if certain ends are to be achieved. Categorical imperatives are the absolute and universal laws that guide moral actions. Kant believed that moral actions must be based on unconditional reasoning. Kant’s deontological principles of hypothetical imperatives and categorical imperatives have significantly influenced the medical field.
The distinction between right and wrong has been a matter of discussion for centuries, whether expressed through philosophical essays, social organisation or artistic creation. Deontological ethics is a philosophical theory which dissects acts into right and wrong on the basis of the adherence of an act to a specific rule. One of the many formulations of deontology is Kantianism, a view introduced by Immanuel Kant, which argues that the basis for morality are motives for one’s action rather than the consequences of it and searches a justification for one’s duty to behave in a certain manner. One of the critiques or counter positions of Kant’s ethics is Sartrean existentialism as it denies the possibility of an absolute moral system and focuses on the individual morality rather than social one and bases on one’s commitment to his chosen values. Yet drawing parallels between the two positions is far from impossible, despite Sartre’s strong opposition to Kantian moral theory.
The statement that “We should never use a good person as a means to an end” is false. Kant states that the Principle of Humanity is to always treat a human being as an end, and never as a mere means. Kant also believes that you should always respect rational people and should never use anyone or break moral laws no matter what. It is true Kant ’s Principle of Humanity is found under categorical imperative, but categorical imperative is a moral obligation that cannot be unkept no matter what the circumstances may be.
I hope to convince the reader that Kant’s Categorical Imperative is the better way to live a morally conscious life and more practical to follow as well. First I will briefly describe both Kant’s and Mill’s principles. Then I will go on to explain the advantages and disadvantages of both. Finally, I hope to provide a counterargument for some of Kant’s Categorical Imperatives downfalls. Kant states the Categorical Imperative as: "Act as if the maxim of your action were to become through your will and general natural law."
Kant expresses his belief that there is a hypothetical and categorical imperative. Hypothetical imperatives are rules of skill, and are usually framed in the sense of cause and effect. For instance, if you want something then you need to take whatever actions are necessary to get it. Let’s say that you want an apple from a tree. If you want to get an apple from a tree you have to to the tree, figure out a way to get to the apple and pick it off.
Kant believes that most people know right from wrong; the problem most people have is not in knowing what is morally, but in doing it. Kant also argued that rightness or wrongness of particular acts is determined by rules; these rules could be determined by his principle of universalizability. He also argued reason require not only that moral duties be universal but also absolutely binding. For instance, when lying is the only option to save someone’s life, still we shall not lie for it is morally wrong to lie. Kant introduced categorical imperative which states that people ought to do something regardless of the consequences.
The categorical imperative is formal, while the substance is decided by the person. The idea is that by a process of reasoning, one can check his intuitions and desires and see if they can become a general rule for moral behavior. Kant bases his theory on three main concepts: the good will, the duty and the law. The moral worth of an action is measured in its intention.