2.3.2 Attitude is a key variable to impact consumer behavior Consumer’s attitude originates from his past consumption experience and has an immediate impact on his future purchasing behavior (Kim et al, 2013). To some extent, consumer’s positive attitude towards products, i.e. brand preference, can have the effect of “love me, love my dog”, and vice versa, which serves one of the reasons for marketer to study the attitude. Through their remarks for products and their negative or positive behaviors, we can follow consumer’s attitude towards the products. Consumer’s attitude consists of cognition, feeling and behavior tendency. Based on the different characteristics of products, one of the three factors plays a major role in forming the attitude …show more content…
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, people have different levels of needs (Block, 2011). He argues that humans are animals with desires and some certain needs must be satisfied. In the meantime, he divides human desires into five levels. Only when the low level needs are met to some extent can the high level ones appear (Saeednia, 2011). Of course, from some people’s point of view the low level needs are more important than the high ones. At the same time, different levels of needs can coexist. The higher the needs are, the less possible they can be met. Maslow’s hierarchy of needs plays a significant role in the study of consumer’s behaviors. Normally, the major reasons why consumer prefer to purchase cosmetic products are because such products can not only protect and nourish their skins, and defer senescence but also guarantee a tidy and elegant appearance and manner so that they are more respected in business activities as well as leisure time, which satisfies their needs from low level to high level of being physiologically satisfied, being loved and respected, belonging and self-fulfilled (Kim & Chung, …show more content…
But as the cosmetic market is more and more concerned in the fashion field, a range of studies about the purchase behaviors of cosmetics are carried out gradually. Recently, the researches of the purchase behaviors of cosmetics are carried out by aiming at the demographic characteristics, the lifestyles, the types of the consumers, and the trend of shopping and so
In the year 2105, the American culture is a society that thrives off of the obsession of materialism and gaining the approval of others. Culture tells us to worry about how many “likes” we get on a picture of ourselves or the number of comments that tell us how beautiful or handsome we are. Beauty will fade, but people are willing to do anything that they can to preserve it forever. From plastic surgeries for a thiner nose, to silly home remedies for a wrinkly face, we won’t stop until perfection is achieved. The writings of Nathaniel Hawthorne in the nineteenth century did not differ much from the American culture that we see today.
Enhancing the best products to look young, lose weight, clothes that draw attention or other things that are similar. “Bethany: But it’s what everyone wants. It’s the nasty secret at large in the world. It’s the unspoken tidal desire in every room and on every street. It’s the unspoken, the soundless whisper… millions upon millions of people longing hopelessly and forever to stop being whatever they are and be beautiful, but the difference between those ardent multitudes and me is that I have a goddamn genie and one more wish!”
The Road: A Breakdown of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs In Cormac McCarthy’s post-apocalyptic novel, “The Road”, a man and his young son find themselves on a journey fighting for survival through a dark and desolate world. With no identity or any hope in the future, the characters are faced with many compromising decisions. Two levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, the physiological and safety levels provide the most motivation and validation for the characters’ actions throughout the novel. There are 5 major levels to Maslow’s Hierarchy of needs; physiological, safety, emotional, esteem, and self-actualization (Maslow 1).
According to Britton (2012), last 2008, YWCA USA developed a report Beauty at Any Cost wherein they discuss the consequences of beauty obsession of every woman in America. It shows that beauty obsession results from a decrease in the level of self-esteem. It also gives a problem to the Americans because it’s also putting a dent in their pockets. It states that because of those cosmetics many people have decreased the level of self-esteem because of those cosmetics.
Emotions and insecurities of women are played with in cosmetic commercials. By the end of the commercial, many women’s only hope is to look as perfect as the beautiful women in the
The customers can as well upload their pictures and virtually try different products on their face and get advice on the best way to apply the products. The mobile application was downloaded by over 2.5 million customer and generated a traffic of approximately 75% as the company’s customers were converting and shopping making up to 167% orders over the year and due to that the company got 400,000 beauty insider signed up (issuu, 2017). Therefore, a big number of the Sephora's promotional initiative is based online which help the company to reach their younger targeted audiences and to have a big impact on the customers that are not willing to place order online with confidence as well as infrequent customers to explore and try new products (Chen et’al. 2011). And hence, Sephora’s digital channels play an important role by serving as communication tools for the company to promote their products via different channels to in order to reach the targeted
Your decisions to comply with society’s view of “beauty” are no longer subconscious, but rather are more conscious-driven decisions. Barbie’s slender figure remains idolized; however, it has evolved from a plastic doll to a self-starving model that is photo-shopped on the pages of glossy magazines. You spend hours in front of a mirror adjusting and perfecting your robotic look while demanding your parents to spend an endless amount of money on cosmetics and harmful skin products to acquire a temporary version of beauty. Consider companies such as Maybelline, which have throughout the ages created problematic and infantilizing campaigns and products for women. More specifically consider the “Baby Lips” product as well as the company slogan, “maybe she’s born with it, maybe it’s Maybelline,” that reiterates the male notions of beauty to which women are subjected.
Looking at Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, there are five primary needs which emphasizes on human motivation (Poduska, 1992). The physiological needs or basic needs are at the lowest level of the hierarchy. These needs must be satisfied in order for individuals to survive. It is then followed by the safety or security needs where individuals seek for protection and stability. When these needs are satisfied, individuals are motivated to fulfill the next level of needs which is the love and belongingness needs.
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (Maslow, 1943) is one of the preeminent
According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, there are five broad motivational needs classified into basic needs and growth needs (Kaur, 2013). The basic needs include, esteem, psychological, love and safety. On the other hand, growth needs involve self-actualization. In this regard, Maslow stipulated that individuals are motivated to attain certain needs (Kaur, 2013). These needs are arranged in such a way that the lower needs must be met before the higher ones.
Five Levels in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs and How They Influence Us Abraham Maslow, who was an American psychologist created a hierarchy of needs. There are five levels, with the basic needs at the bottom. He explains that if the basic needs are not satisfied we cannot move up the pyramid, despite a few instances (Lilienfeld et al., 2016). The first level is physiological needs which is satisfying hunger, thirst, and fatigue. Physiological needs influence us because if we are not satisfying our hunger, we can lose weight, or be malnourished.
Maslow proposed five-level classification of human needs as physiological, safety, love, esteem and self-actualisation. He suggested that physiological needs are the basic needs and these needs should be satisfied first and then subsequent needs emerge. Self-actualisation is the highest order of needs and to fulfill this need a person should be biologically efficient, usually in better health, both mentally and physically. The degree of satisfaction is resulted by fulfillment of these hierarchy of needs. However, these needs can vary individual to individual regarding their personal characteristics, pathology, and health care settings.
(David and Geoff, 2000) Consumer buying behaviour is affected by three main factors which are buying situation, personal influences and social influence level. (Weilbacher et al 2003) Advertisements do not affect the whole; but only what consumers have learnt and perceived about the product. Advertisements main task is to explain the complete idea in different way so products have a livelong impact on consumer mind. To analyze customer behavior more aggressively, firms need to understand some important aspects of consumer behavior that are associated with product so consumer buying behavior can be understood.
Since the beginning of the 1990’s, e-commerce has radically changed consumer behaviour by introducing new retail channels (Ngai and Gunasekaran, 2007). Serious attempts to trade online started to emerge in the mid-1990s wheninnovative, technically savvy companies responded to the opportunities and challenges posed by the internet, to develop sophisticated web sites to serve customers, in their homes (Rayport and Sviokla, 1994). The present retail environment is characterised by new, store and non- store, retailing formats, a wide range of new products, use of new information and communication technologies and consequently, the changing customer needs. Moreover, the dynamic lifestyle conditions of consumers has resulted a change in their personal environment that contributes to a profound change in customer behaviour (Schröder and Zaharia, 2008). Retailing in the 21st century means doing business with customers on their terms (Mathwicket al., 2002).
Introduction At the start of this course, I had no idea what to expect. This is due to the fact that marketing is a field that offers a combination of so many different disciplines such as art, psychology, and statistics. I encounter marketing on a daily basis but have strangely enough not reflected too much about it. Nevertheless, it is a very interesting subject, which deals with promoting and selling services and products.