With globalization Europeans imposed cultural values while laying down foundations for the modern world. The age-of-discovery saw Prince Henry carry on his crusade against Islamic preaching by spreading Christian faith by exploring unknown seas & discovering new lands to enhance the country’s greatness (Parry, 2010).
Trade in spices was done through land routes & the Silk Road connecting Asia & Mediterranean worlds of N. Africa & Europe. During XVth century spice trade was transformed with Europe’s Age-of-Discovery. Trade in spices led to developments of great civilizations in China, Egypt, India, Persia & Rome. During 1500 a Portuguese sailor - Cabral set out a voyage for India & accidentally discovered Brazil which was claimed by the Portuguese.
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With Columbus' discovery of 1492 these exchanges lasted over years in the phase of expansion & discovery. Columbian Exchanges had an impact on social & cultural components on both sides of Atlantic (Wallerstein, 2011). Middle Passage included triangular trades in African slaves shipped to New World countries. African slaves were shipped across Atlantic & sold or were exchanged for the raw materials needed in Europe. Middle Passage voyages were organized through companies & investor groups instead of individuals.
Mercantilism was popular during 1500’s & increased European colonization for accumulating wealth and achieving power. Mother country manufactured goods & colonies provided natural resources.
Scramble for the Africa territories by the Europeans during New Imperialism period ranging from1881 to 1914 led to partition of the African continent. By1914 nearly 90% of Africa was under European control.
Quinine bark was discovered in 1820 by the French chemists Caventou & Pelletier and used as a powerful in Malaria fevers (Mayhew, 2011). During early imperialism of 16th to 18th century Europeans went to America or Australia & pushed aside natives by building European colonies. During the later phases of imperialism they started colonizing Asia & Africa instead of pushing aside the native
In Europe during the fourteen hundreds there was a large demand for spices however, by the time the spices had traveled all the way up from India their price had reached large levels. As time went on and merchant empires became prominent in Europe, Europeans became more and more frustrated with the price of spices that had become a large part of daily life. To cut out the middleman they sailed to India to get the spices themselves. Christopher Columbus, who was a long time sailor, claimed that he knew of a shorter way to India. Columbus, an Italian explorer who had a major contribution to the colonization of the Americas, was a persistent, intelligent, and selfish individual.
The Columbian exchange and the Silk road were both trading system. Europeans, Caribbeans, Africans, Asians and Americans, were connected to the Columbian exchange as the Silk Road linked China, India, and many other empires. Despite the fact that the Ottoman empire was easy-going with the different religions, the Hasburg empire didn’t give any religion the benefit of the doubt. As the Ottoman empire encountered an economic hit, this did not stop them from increasing the taxes on trade. As the Natives involuntary worked on encomienda, they produced goods that will be sold in Europe.
Benjamin Franklin said, “No nation was ever ruined by trade.” During the early modern era, technological advancements in shipbuilding and increased knowledge on wind and current patterns made global trading possible. The increased flow of trade in the 1300s through 1800s created important social relations and economic opportunities due to the increased integration of foreign people and desire to be wealthiest and most powerful, while improving government, culture, and ideas in the modern world. Global trading increased the spread of people, which also increased the spread of religion and culture.
The Portuguese were the first kingdom to carry out an overseas exploration (p. 371). This is a shock to many because of the small size and power force of Portugal compared to many other nations. The Portuguese desired to increase trade with other nations, and they attempted to create a relationship with South Africa and began exploring the land. During this exploration, the Portuguese searched for Prester John but were
Columbus, in 1492, journeyed to find the Indies but stumbled upon the Americas. With the two ‘worlds’ now connected, Columbus began exchanging items and cultures. This has been called the Columbian Exchange. During the Columbian Exchange many things were traded; Beast of burden, grains, vegetables, fruits, plants, and many diseases. All of these have had a meaningful impact on the ‘new’ and ‘old’ world, but only a few have had a large, substantial, and lasting effect on the world today.
Cause and effects of Columbian Exchange After the crusades, a new era of explorations and a want of gold begins. The ottoman took control of the Silk road trade and spain needed to find a new route for trade. This lead to queen Isabel of spain to fund Christopher Columbus voyage westward to find a new route to india without crossing paths with the ottoman. Columbus accidentally discovered the Americas on his voyage leading to the Columbian Exchange. Which is the export and import of goods to Europe from the Americas.
After years of peasantry and disease, Europe was ready for an economic and cultural upturn. The Crusades introduced Europeans of higher education to the culture of Eastern Europe, and as the renaissance swept throughout Europe, it spurred a revival of knowledge and eagerness to know and see more. This newfound philosophy of living to be happy rather than just to survive triggered European exploration to the Western Hemisphere as well as to the nations to the south. Two countries that did exactly this are Portugal and Spain, leaving lasting impacts, some similar and some different, on Africa and the Americas.
The trading of foreign products between the eastern world and the Americas was the Columbian exchange that formed modern America. The exchange of culture, crops, livestock, diseases and ideas paved a foundation for how assimilated the world would become. For so long it has been a disregarded topic people rarely contemplate, but its significance is grand in understanding how each part of the world is composed. The Columbian exchange took place following the voyage of Christopher Columbus to the Americas (Nunn, Qian).
The Middle Passage was one of the three routes of the Triangular Trade, that transported and traded goods to the New World and the mother
Europe takes advantage of Africa. The main driving forces behind European Imperialism consisted of three fundamental factors which included Political, Technological, and Economic. The way these three components are involved in the driving force because they all helped shape and push everything together to make more efficient. The first component that helped take over land or “European Imperialism” was Technological power.
During the 15th and 16th centuries, leaders of a few European nations sent expeditions out in the hope that explorers would find great wealth and vast undiscovered lands. The Portuguese were the earliest participants in this “Age of Discovery.” Starting in about 1420, Portuguese ships sailed the African coast, carrying spices, gold, slaves and other goods from Africa and Asia to Europe.
1000 in a place with many wild grapes, so they named the area Vinland, which is known as Newfoundland today • They were not supported by a powerful nation-state, so they had to leave their settlements and their discovery was lost with only Scandinavian sagas and songs giving them credit • Christian crusaders tried to take over the Holy Land that the Muslims were controlling • Exotic goods were brought over to Europe such as silk, drugs, perfumes, colorful draperies, and spices including sugar, which was rare o These were expensive in Europe, since they had to be shipped from the Spice Islands, which was Indonesia, China, and India through ships and camels o Europeans wanted to find a cheaper route to Asia or create other sources of supply o Europeans Enter Africa • Marco Polo, who was an Italian that is considered a discoverer of the New World, told stories about his travels in China when he came back to Europe in 1295 • He wrote a book that included details of pearl and pagodas, which created more European interest in finding a less expensive way to the East • Portuguese mariners overcame the issue of northerly winds and south-flowing currents around the coast of West Africa that the Europeans would not
Throughout the late 1400’s and the 1500’s, the world experienced many changes due to the discoveries of new lands and peoples that had been never been visited before. The new-found lands of the Americas and exploration of Africa by the Europeans led to new colonies and discoveries in both areas. It also brought different societies and cultures together that had never before communicated, causing conflict in many of these places. While the Europeans treated both the Native Americans and West Africans as inferior people, the early effects they had on the Native Americans were much worse. Beginning in the late 1400’s, many different European explorers started to look for new trade routes in the Eastern Hemisphere in order to gain economic and religious power.
The only thing Europeans loved more than political power was increasing their trade. In the 1800’s European nations had a desire to get a lead to widespread imperialism in Africa. With the end of slavery in 1833, European interest in Africa shifted to seizing colonies. King Leopold of Belgium acquired a private country in Africa that was 95 times bigger than Belgium and his purpose was to make money by taking out ivory and rubber.
The Age of Discovery is an important time period in our history. Whether we claim heritage from the western world or the eastern world, the European Age of Discovery had impacted just about everyone in the world at some point in time. Though this period in time was sparked by the ideas of Portuguese and Spanish navigators, it is important to remember that just because the Catholic Church sanctioned these two countries to govern two halves of the world that non-Catholic countries will not abide by these rules. We see that after the Spanish and Portuguese royalty start their voyages on the Atlantic, the British and the French soon follow.