Youth Unemployment Rate

As for the economy, the higher youth unemployment rate, the lower the tax revenues and productivity. When considering the society, political unrest and anti-social behaviour caused from unemployment among youth resulting social instability (Mascherine, Salvatore, Meierkord and Jungblut). On this occasion, both the academic circles and government sector increase awareness of youth jobless problem. Numerous studies and researches on addressing and improving the situation had been established, especially after the Great Recession. On the other hand, many organizations and government devote in tackling youth jobless rate, for example, UK government took steps in raising participation in education and Portugal devoted in reforming the labour market,

So far, the impact on the dramatic increase of youth unemployment rate diverse among EU countries, some were hardly hit and some are far better. Three groups of countries with difference efficiency policy usage during economic crisis in 2008 and varying degrees of influence on youth unemployment rate were detailed described by Dolado (2015). Firstly the successful group of countries consists of Austria, Germany and Switzerland, which keeps the rate below 10% while the second group with middle performance include UK, Sweden and France with a number of nearly 20%. Both groups take steps in career training and employment protections. The third group countries (Greece, Italy and Portugal) ware hardly hit by the economic crisis with above 25% youth unemployment rate due to the poor policy on both labour market protection and vocational training programme. These situations draws attention on what factors determines the changes the youth unemployment rate and how it responds to different training system. This report will use data on range of European countries with updated database to verify the overall determinants of youth unemployment rate, especially, then compare magnitude of youth unemployment cross genders and age groups. To specify the efficiency of government behaviour, a cross country analysis focus on France and Germany will be

Also, a growing number of recent researches, for example Sciulli and Signorelli (2011) focused on analyse the difficulty of school-to-work transaction recently. Two polar cases, Germany and France, who are barely diverse in social-factors like GDP per capita and youth population ratio, were selected to be examined. Germany has reported a continuous declining in youth jobless rate since 2005 and was hardly affected by the financial crisis, with relatively low youth unemployment rate 8.2% compared with the average Europe countries (23%). The mechanism behind the success is the efficient policy of education system and smoothing transition track targeted on youth. Before the crisis, Germany put up an educations system consist with three levels of education: a six year education after basic schooling which prepared for blue collar jobs; an extra training added for those who apply for white collar; another 9 years of schooling or even higher level for university studies (Riphahn, 2000). This policy helps youth to equipped knowledge and working skills before leaving school. As for those who have left school, vocational schools and variety of training programmes are available. All these policies shorten the duration from study to work and efficiently control the jobless rate for youth. In stark contrast, although the impact of