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Agriculture Policy In Africa Essay

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Introduction and background
In the last couple of decades, the importance of agricultural policies and market reforms in alleviating poverty and food insecurity in Sub Sahara Africa (SSA) has gained prominence around policy discussion circles globally. The importance of the sector in alleviating poverty and food security has never been in doubt. The World Bank (2008:3) estimates that three out of every four people in the developing world reside in rural areas, of which 2.1 billion live on less that US$2 a day. The bulk of these people live in rural areas and depend on the agricultural sector for their livelihood. The Food and Agricultural Organisation {FAO} (2006: 33) estimates that the agricultural sector employs around 60 percent of the labour …show more content…

Investment in the sector from both African governments and donor has been low. As much as governments in Africa face serious financial constraints, the amount of budget allocation given to the agricultural sector remains very low. The World Bank (2008: 7) report on agriculture notes that while 75 percent of the world’s population live in rural areas and depend largely on the agricultural sector for their livelihood, an average of only 4 percent of governments budget allocations are directed to the sector. Even official aid to the agricultural sector has remained in decline from US$2 billion to US$1 billion per year in the mid 1980s to the late 1990s (Hazzel: 2009: 13). Between 1990 and 2000, analysis of the financial budget allocation of seven Sub-Saharan Africa nations (Zambia, Tanzania, Kenya, Ethiopia, Zambia, Nigeria and Malawi), revealed that the share of budget allocation to the agricultural sector decreased from 5 percent to 3.5 percent (FAO: 2006: 40). Hanson (2008) points out that while the rest of the world were increasing their funding in agricultural science by 30 percent; countries in Sub-Saharan Africa reduced their funding by 27 percent between 1981 and 2000. While some of the fall in agricultural spending can be attributed to the structural adjustment programmes, it is no gain saying that since independence, the agricultural sector has not been the top priority of the governing class in Sub-Saharan

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