The Pitot-Static System
Abstract—this paper describes various speed sensors used in airplanes. There are different embodiments which provide an apparatus and method for identifying airspeed for an airplane. The main focus in this report is on the pitot-static system which is one of the major sensors used for sensing airspeed in the airplanes. The measurement and indication of airspeed is generally implemented on board of an airplane by an airspeed indicator connected to a pitot-static system. Pitot probes measure the pitot pressure which is also called as stagnation or total pressure and static pressure in the airflow is measured by one or more static ports. The resultant airspeed is henceforth calculated and indicated in the airspeed indicator. However various limitations …show more content…
The measure of ram pressure which is created by the air ramming into the tube is the pitot pressure. The pitot pressure under ideal conditions is equal to the total pressure which is also called as stagnation pressure. The tube is placed on front part of the wing or in the front part of the airplane facing forward, where it can be exposed to the relative wind. If the pitot tube is located in such a place the ram pressure can be more accurately measured since it will be less distorted by the airplane’s structure. Also when the airspeed goes high, the ram pressure also goes high, which can be converted by the airspeed …show more content…
Factors causing position errors may include angle of attack, airspeed, acceleration and airplane weight. Position errors might be ‘variable errors’ which are caused by external factors and ‘fixed errors’ which are specifically caused only to a particular model of aircraft.[11]
C. Limitations of the pitot- static tube The pitot tubes generally don’t work very well under low velocity conditions. This is because if the velocity is very low, the difference in pressure values is very small and makes it hard for the accurate measurement with the transducer. As a result, the errors in the instrument are greater than the measurement.
Also, if it the velocity is very high (such as supersonic) then the condition for Bernoulli’s principle is violated and causes errors in the measurement. On the front part of the tube, a shock wave appears which changes the total pressure. There are corrections for the shock wave which can be applied to allow us to use the pitot tubes for high-speed aircrafts.[11]
IV. NEW LASER TECHNOLOGY
As we have seen that there are many defects and limitations of the pitot-static system. Hence, it is very important to find an alternative solution to overcome the problems caused by
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