Framework of the Study
Behavior management is the focus of this study. One approach in dealing disruptive behavior is through behavior modification. Behavior modification refers to the techniques used to try and decrease or increase a particular type of behavior or reaction. Behavior management skills are of particular importance to teachers in the educational system. Behavior management includes all of the actions and conscious inactions to enhance the probability people, individually and in groups, choose behaviors which are personally fulfilling, productive, and socially acceptable. According to Bijou (2008) behavior modification refers to psychological methods for treating maladjustment and for changing observable behavior patterns.
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Skinner relied on the assumption that the best way to modify behavior was to modify the environment. Skinner believed that the best way to understand behavior is to look at the causes of an action and its consequences, he called this approach operant conditioning. Operant Conditioning deals with operants - intentional actions that have an effect on the surrounding environment. Skinner set out to identify the processes which made certain operant behaviors more or less likely to occur. Goldstein & Brooks (2007), cited that children must learn that there are consequences for their behavior. It is best if these consequences are not harsh or arbitrary and are based on discussions that parents have had with their children. Taylor & Larson (n.d.), believed that cooperative learning is essential to teaching for global understanding. Cooperative learning activities reflect the increasing diversity of today 's global society. They assume heterogeneity and emphasize interactive learning opportunities inherent in the global workplace. Additionally, cooperative learning activities provide students with opportunities to develop social studies and literacy skills necessary for working productively with people from heterogeneous backgrounds and of diverse ability levels. In the Social Systems Theory, the child development is viewed as the continual adaptation or adjustment between an individual and the wide range of new and ever-changing social and physical …show more content…
Piaget believed children undergo stages of cognitive development that allows them to grow and develop as individuals.
Teacher Effectiveness Training (TET). What makes the difference between teaching that works and teaching that fails? The factor that contributes the most is the quality of the teacher-student relationship. It’s more important than what the teacher is teaching or who the teacher is trying to teach. T.E.T., offers teachers the essential communication and conflict resolution skills they need to have high quality relationships with their students so there will be less conflict and more teaching-learning time. This model has worked for hundreds of thousands of teachers around the world.
John Dewey (1916): believed that classroom management should be guided by democratic practices with consequences and offered the theory of experience through social learning. Dewey believed that children were capable of learning, behaving cooperatively, sharing with others and caring for one another with the teacher as a facilitator. He believed that instructional management included a natural approach involving direction and guidance and that behaviour management included the sequential behaviour development of students. Many teachers practice this technique today as a central component of classroom management. Behavior management has been and still is the chief concern of
Skinner in 1938.Operant conditioning is a form of learning which explains the relation of behaviors on certain rewards and consequences. The study of the theory only deals with expressible behaviors and not any internal mental thoughts and brain mechanisms. Operant Conditioning works by applying two major concepts, Reinforcements and Punishments, after the behavior is executed, which causes the rate of behavior to increase or decrease. Skinner’s Skinner box experiment with a rat is the base for operant conditioning theory and its concepts. The main principle comprises changing environmental events that are related to a person's behavior.
Skinners experiment was based on operant conditioning, using the concept of discrimination learning, he carried out experiments on animals with the idea that their behaviour is predetermined by their environment and using a well controlled environment would allow him to in turn control their behaviours using a range of triggers. Using reinforcement and expectancy, the animal associates acting out certain behaviours with rewards. (Toates, F., 2010, pp. 165-167) After performing a number of experiments on rats using mazes, he subsequently designed the Skinner box.
Mr. Byrne is having trouble getting his students to listen. He is trying scolding as a punishment, but that is not working. By the end of this essay, Mr. Byrne will learn how use operant conditioning to get his seventh grade students to listen. Mr. Byrne can 't understand why scolding his seventh-grade students for disruptive classroom behaviors makes them unrulier. Mr. Byrne 's can use operant conditioning techniques to reduce disruptive behaviors and increase cooperative behaviors.
I have learned that as an educator I need to be there for my students, protect them, and care for them as my own children. I learned about certain strategies and techniques I can use in the classroom. We discussed how important it is to prevent misbehavior in the classroom. Some prevention strategies I learned are; to plan and anticipate, have high expectations, focus on the relationships with your students, do not give up on students who have a label. These techniques will assist me as a teacher to prevent misbehavior and to have a good classroom management.
The Socio-behaviorist theory (behaviorism) Socio-behaviorists often study how children 's experiences model their behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Behaviorism believes that what matters is not the development itself, but the external factors that shape children 's behaviors (Nolan & Raban, 2015). This theory demonstrates that teachers and mentors dominate and instruct child-related activities, and they decide what children should learn and how to learn (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Reinforcement, which is an essential factor that helps children to learn particular behaviors, generally refers to rewards and punishments (Nolan & Raban, 2015). Children are more likely to repeat actions that result in receiving praise; in contrast, they may ignore or abandon behaviors that make them get punishment.
In every school there are set policies and procedures so that all people working within the school are aware and stick to the same rules. Consistency is imperative. All adults working in the school would be : teaching staff, support staff, lunchtime supervisors, kitchen staff, governors, after school staff and temporary staff. There are many policies in schools that children and staff should be aware of.
The BCM is an evidence-based and empirically supported consultation model. The model uses principles of learning to help change problems and behaviors through a step-by-step consultation process. According to Chitiyo, Morgan, and Wheeler (2009) behavioral consultation is chosen more than other models of consultations. The BCM has proven to be effective in school-based programs in helping students to learn and in solving behavioral problems. The model is used to construct interventions to deal with challenging behaviors of students.
Manage behaviour effectively to ensure a good and safe learning environment” – (Department for Education, 2012). When a behaviour policy works alongside an effective learning environment, the 7th standard of the QTS Teaching Standards will have been achieved. When achieving this the teacher is closer to accomplishing the rest of the Teaching Standards. In order for children to have an education which enables them to fulfil their potential as well as learning in a positive environment a well written behaviour policy must be set in place. Ensuring supporting a child’s behaviour within the classroom and around school will enable teachers to teach without any
The Positive and Negative of Operant Conditioning and The Most Effective Method There are many ways we can come about in behavior. An American psychologist, B.F. Skinner, introduced the theory of operant conditioning. Operant conditioning is known as associative learning and a learning process. The theory is made up of two factors in which behavior is modified through either reinforcement and or punishment.
One of the most well known theories in cognitive development is Piaget 's theory. The psychologist Jean Piaget theorized that as children 's minds development, they pass through distinct stages marked by transitions in understanding followed by stability. Piaget describes four different stages of development: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operation, and formal operations. Each stage describes the thinking patterns of a child depending on his or her age. In order to compare the thinking processes of a three-year old and a nine-year old using Piaget 's theory, you must compare two sequential stages of cognitive development: preoperational and concrete operations.
Brief History Jean Piaget was a Twentieth century Swiss psychologist and was the first psychologist to systematically study the cognitive development of children. Thomas (2005) wrote that early in Piaget’s career he worked with children and his observations and interactions with the students led him to the theory that a young person's cognitive processes are inherently different from those of adults (pp. 188-9). According to Ahmad, et al. (2005) , Piaget showed that when compared to adults, young children think in differently and he then came to the conclusion that cognitive development was an ongoing process which occurred due to maturation and interaction with the environment (p. 72).
3.1) Theories of Behaviour Management Behaviour management is a tool, a system, generates learning environment to encourage positive behaviour and minimise the opportunity for negative conduct to occur. It is like modifying and change learner's action in a positive manner where the primary focus lies on maintaining order. Many theorists presented their views in their research work on the understanding of the nature of the behaviour BILL ROGER is an education consultant and author present his work on behaviour management, discipline, effective teaching, and stress management etc. and also lectures widely covers the topic to both the learner and the teacher for the challenges facing in leadership in educational premises. Bill Roger recommended
Effective ways to encourage and teach appropriate student behaviors are highly valued by educators. Thus, the theorists of classroom management mentioned above continue to provide direction of contemporary
Throughout the year we have learned about many different theorists who have done a great but also horrible job at explaining adolescent/ young adult development. In this paper I will be talking about Freud and Piaget, and how I think that Piaget was the better theorist than Freud when it comes to talking about development. I will also be talking about the similarities and difference between the two. For starters, what are their specific steps of development? Jean Piaget used observations of his own children to develop the four stages that we know he created today.
Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development Cognition is a process where different aspects of the mind are working together that lead to knowledge. Piaget’s cognitive development theory is based on stages that children go through as they grow that lead them to actively learn new information. Cognitive change occurs with schemes that children and adults go through to make sense of what is happening around them. The change that occurs is activity based when the child is young and later in life correlates to mental thinking. Piaget’s stages of cognitive development start from birth to adulthood