Population Census Essay

3. Collection and Presentation of data

Collection of Data -

1. Census:

Census is defined by United Nations as “the total process of collecting, compiling and publishing demographic, economic and social data pertaining at the specified time or times, to all persons in a country or delimited territory”

To get health information census helps a lot.

In the year 1872, first regular census was taken in India. (www.censunindia.gov.in), and the censuses after that took place at the interval of 10 years.

Now let us know the main function of this census. It gives demographic information, such as total count of population and its breakdown into groups and subgroups such as age and sex distribution. To calculate important statistical rates, and other

Important objectives of tabulation are:

• Clarify the objects of investigation.

• Simplify the complex data.

• Explain the characteristics of data.

• Show facts in the minimum space.

• Detect errors and missing values in the data.

• Make statistical processing easy.

Table Parts:

Table should have following parts -

1. Table number: A particular number should be given to the table. It is to be done for identification and reference. Specific place is not mandatory for this number. It can be given at the centre, on top or bottom of the table or even towards the top left side.

2. Title of the table: A suitable and specific title must be given to the table. The title should be written on the top. The title should be able to describe the contents of the table. The title should be self explanatory.(i.e. needing no other explanation).

Title should be able to answer following questions:

1) What is the data in the table?

For example marks scored by a set of 50 students.

2) Where did the data occur?

For example: In a certain college in Amravati

3) When did the data occur?

For example during March 2004, promotional examination etc

3. Head

• It shows any trend that may be present and the direction of its change.

Procedure for the construction of a graph: Graphs are prepared on a graph paper in which two lines are drawn. These lines intersect each other at right angles. These lines are called axis; the point of intersection is 'o' (point of origin). The horizontal line is called ‘x’ axis & the vertical line is called ‘y’ axis. Generally, an independent variable is represented along ‘x axis’ and the dependent variable along ‘Y-axis’. For each axis, a convenient scale is chosen. It represents the units of the variable. It occupies the entire data that is given in the table. The scales of x and y axes are not same all the time. Now it is the time to plot the graph, once we have fixed the origin and scale. The given data is plotted by marking points or dots, corresponding to different x and y values. Then, these points are joined by straight lines to get the graph.

General Rules:

While graphing statistical data, the following rules should be followed:

• Every graph must have a title. It should indicate the facts presented by the