KUDIRAT TAJUDEEN
Principles of Accounting Mid Term Exam
Review of Chapter 7: INTERNAL CONTROL
Introduction
Internal control is an important part of any organization’s policies and procedures. It is a designed process put to effect by a company to establish reasonable assurance that the organization’s financial reports are reliable and are in accordance with laws, regulations and policies in line with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and also safeguard the company’s assets from theft, unauthorized used or misuse and ensure the achievement of an organization’s objectives.
The need for internal control
Principal merchandising transactions has to do with buying and selling, it involves assets such as; cash, account receivables and inventories. These assets are vulnerable to theft and embezzlement. If something is not done to protect these assets, the company may suffer a great loss. Thus, internal control is needed in an organization to eliminate theft and provide reliable financial report.
Management’s responsibility for internal control
The responsibility of company’s management is to establish a satisfactory internal control system such as all policies and procedures that are needed to ensure that the company’s assets are secured and protected, the reliability of financial reporting, compliance with law and regulations and the effectiveness and efficiency of the company’s operations. The law requires that the chief executive officer, the chief financial
This memorandum highlights significant portions of Statement on Auditing Standards (SAS) No. 115 Communication of Internal Control Related Matters Identified in an Audit and answers some questions frequently asked by accountants about SAS 115 ("The American Institute Of Certified Public Accountants", 2015). SAS 115 Highlights Here are some highlights of SAS 115. Applicability (SAS 115, 2015, para. 01). Definitions. A material weakness (SAS 115, 2015, para. 06).
Computer-assisted audit techniques may be useful in identifying unusual or unexpected revenue relationships or transactions. The auditor should also confirm with the company’s customer certain relevant contract terms and the absence of side agreements, because the appropriate accounting often is influenced by such terms or agreements. The auditor confirmed with the management about the influence and participation of another entity’s employees, but he or she should make further inquiries of the entity’s sales and marketing personnel or in-house legal counsel regarding sales or shipments before and after December 31, 2010 and their knowledge of any unusual terms or conditions associated with these transactions. Also, the auditor could observe goods being shipped or being readied for shipment (or returns awaiting processing), and perform other appropriate sales and inventory cutoff
Amerah alhajri 120016323 Q1 1-clear up assignment reason. on the off chance that the intention is to rouse the utilization of the administrations of a recently framed division, maybe no expenses ought to be dispensed in the event that the reason for existing is to dishearten working division directors from over-utilization of the administrations of bolster offices, then a rate for every unit of administration may be substantial and not in light of genuine expenses on the off chance that the reason for existing is to decide the full cost of items or administrations for long haul estimating choices, then all bolster expenses ought to be assigned 2-recognize cost pools. the reason will figure out if both settled and variable bolster division expenses ought to be dispensed the reason will figure out which expenses ought to be designated Q2 1-physical output. >> 2- market based.>> a-
Bill Jones works for a car dealership as the bookkeeper and he is responsible for tracking all the income and expenses, taking the deposit to the bank and writing checks and payroll. The owner only receives verbal reports from Bill regarding the dealership 's financial status. There was a recent issue with utility payment checks being returned not sufficient funds but Bill said he accidently put a deposit into the savings account rather than the checking account. The owner doesn 't look at the bank statements.
Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of the internal control based on the criteria set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organization or the Treadway Commission in Internal Control. Based on that assessment, management has determined that the internal controls are effective. In addition, Lockheed Martin’s independent registered public accounting firm has also reviewed the internal controls and also found them to be
Before conducting the audit of all stores, the auditors told in advance to the management that which store will be audited. The losses are in millions of dollars and all the losses were divided among 310 stores and recorded as an expense on the balance sheet of each store. By using the inflating inventory idea, the management boosted the assets account. Through this strategy, the management balanced their expenses. In order to save money, the auditors only checked four stores of the company through the consolidated general ledger.
When recording financial activity of a business, “any increase in expense (debit) must be offset by a decrease in assets or an increase in liability (credit)” (Routh 464). Any expense for any office supplies decreases cash or increases accounts payable. Each account is assigned a number to enter data in a list of categories “to track the sub-accounts of assets, liabilities, income, expenses, and equity” (Routh 464). This is a way to bookkeep the charts of accounts.
The Department Stores industry is a highly competitive retail industry. The level of competition is so intense. Not only these competitors produce similar products, but also offer same services to consumers. In order to excel its business and social image in the world, each firm has used a unique effective strategy to maintain its position in the overall market industry. Target Business Strategy: Differentiation Strategic Position: Like almost every company operates in the industry, it is true that Target competes by offering low prices and maximizing savings; however, that is not exactly what they are trying to sell.
Management in any corporation play an important role, and have many responsibility in order to meet the corporation objectives .the responsibility of management of Stanley black & Decker INC. is to establish and maintain sufficient internal control over financial statement. Internal control over financial statement reporting is process provided to ensure the reliability of financial reporting and preparing financial statement for reporting external purpose m according to general accepted in united state of America. …………………… ……………………………….
Boeing Case Study: Sarbanes-Oxley Act's Internal Control Mandates and Whistleblowing Name University Boeing Case Study: Sarbanes-Oxley Act's Internal Control Mandates and Whistleblowing Similar to other public companies, Boeing intends to comply with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act's (SOX) internal control mandates. To ensure that its internal audit committee sufficiently handled all requirements, Boeing contracted with PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) auditors for additional support. In January 2007, Matthew Neumann and Nicholas Tides, two employees assigned to Boeing's internal audit department, noticed significant problems in their company's IT financial reporting controls. This essay determines the ethical requirements of an internal
Clients must keep records and books of accounts including cash book, sales ledger, purchases ledger and general ledger. Supporting documents such as invoices, bank statements, pay-in slips, cheque butts, and receipts for payments, payroll records and copies of receipts issued should be retained. A valuation of the stock in trade should be made at the end of the accounting period and the appropriate records maintained. Company should record sufficient to explain each transaction and to enable a true and fair profit & loss account and balance sheet to be prepared. At the end of the accounting period, a physical stock-take should be made to ascertain the quantity and the cost of the stock in hand or the cost of work in progress statements and
The Information Security Manager reports in their capacity to the CEO. Company officers, executives, directors, employees, contractors and third party service providers cooperate and work with the Information Security Manager to ensure the protection of customer’s non-public information and Licensee’s Information Assets. Policies, such as Enterprise Antivirus Program, Network Access, Software Development Security Standards, Physical Security, Vendor Manangmenet Ativirus, Mobile Computing/Remote Access, Inromation Security Risk Assessment, Social Media, Data Loss Prevention, and Secuiryt Incident Response Policies have been implemented to protect customer’s non-public personal information and company Information
Accountant A was more concerned with the financial statements being fairly represented. Given that CBU followed procedures by conducted a physical count of inventory, Accountant A’s philosophy was correct since CBU’s inventory system was a periodic system. Chirantan Basu agrees by writing, “at-year end, a company does a physical inventory count, which requires adjusting entries to the inventory account in the current assets section of its balance sheet.” This adjusting entry will reflect the year end numbers thus Accountant A followed good internal control procedures by having a regular physical inventory count to safeguard a valuable enterprise
Edmonds, T. P., Tsay, B., & Olds, P. R. (2011). Fundamental managerial accounting concepts (6th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill
Accounting information system has many functions in management and the importance. The most important is with wide-spread automatization can relate to accounting work processing. Accounting software packages have many software programs for supporting book-keeping, reporting, recording economic events or processing. Accounting software packages can support the activity of the enterprise for to update and integrated information system. Besides, the definition of accounting is as a system at the micro level that have process, procedure, rule and activities of an information system that need follow by the success of the enterprise to achieve the goals.