Essay On Land Surveying

INTRODUCTION

Surveying or land surveying is the technique, profession, and science of determining the terrestrial or three-dimensional position of points and the distances and angles between them. A land surveying professional is called a land surveyor. These points are usually on the surface of the Earth, and they are often used to establish land maps and boundaries for ownership, locations like building corners or the surface location of subsurface features, or other purposes required by government or civil law, such as property sales.

The process of finding the elevation at a specified location relative to another known elevation. Levelling is the determination of the elevation of a point or difference between points referenced to some datum. The general term applied to any of the various processes by which elevations of points or differences in elevation are determined. Levelling is the general term applied to any of the various processes by which elevation are determined. It is a vital operation in producing necessary data for mapping,

• To establish point at required elevation respect to datum.

• To experience the measurement of vertial distance by levelling

THE INSTRUMENTS USED

Automatic Level: It is an optical instrument used to establish or check points in the same horizontal plane. It is used in surveying and building with a vertical staff to measure height differences and to transfer, measure and set heights.

Tripod: A surveyor 's tripod is a device used to support any one of a number of surveying instruments, such as theodolites, total stations, levels or transits.

Staff: A level staff, also called levelling rod, is a graduated wooden or aluminium rod, used with a levelling instrument to determine the difference in height between points or heights of points above a datum surface. It cannot be used without a leveling