Motivation In Second Language Learning

Motivation in second-language learning

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Second language (L2) refers to a language an individual learns that is not his/her mother tongue, but is of use in the area of the individual. It is not the same as a foreign language, which is a language learned that is not generally spoken in the individual’s area. In research on motivation, it is considered to be an internal process that gives behavior energy, direction and persistence in research (in other words, it gives behavior strength, purpose, and sustainability).[1] Learning a new language takes time and dedication. Once you do, being fluent in a second language offers numerous benefits and opportunities. Learning a second language is exciting and beneficial

Gardner formulated the socio-educational model suggesting that learning an L2 cannot be solely explained by people’s aptitude or their competency to acquire as many languages.[4] He asserted that individual differences were key factors affecting L2 acquisition such that in understanding how the L2 learning process and outcomes work, it is important to consider the cultural contexts, which influence people’s attitude and motivation in learning another culturally distinct language.[5] By simply regarding aptitude as the only factor, researchers dismiss the social, contextual and pragmatic reasons that drive people to learn other

least likely to most likely), and on a 6-level Likert Scale (i.e. strongly disagree to strongly agree).[10] Different statements correspond to a certain variable (or main factor), and scores from those sets are added up to determine how much of that variable is influencing the language learning of the participants.[10] Like the model, however, the test has also been revised over the years. In Gardner’s review of the Socio-educational Model, he named the four overarching variables which are measured in the AMTB: (1) integrativeness, (2) attitude toward learning situation, (3) motivation and (4) language anxiety.[6] Other variables such as the instrumental orientation and parental encouragement in the AMTB are used in different settings or as