Essay On Pigments
Naturally occurring pigments are used throughout the biological world and are utilised by a wide spectrum of organisms due to their useful ability to reflect or absorb a distinct set of wavelengths of the electromagnetic spectrum, known as visible light. The wavelengths of visible light range from red light at a wavelength of 700 nM to violet or purple light at 400 nM.
The most utilised pigment in the plant life is chlorophyll. This absorbs red and blue wavelengths of light and reflects green wavelengths, which is why we see most plants as green. Chlorophyll is found in the thylakoids of the chloroplasts within plants cells; chloroplasts are the main cell structure used in photosynthesis and the grana containing thylakoids are used in the light dependant
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One example would be colourful petals on flowering plants. When colourful petals develop in plants it is a sign of sexual maturity and means that the sexual organs of the plant are producing gametes. The colour of the flowers attracts insects that are a vector for the pollen to be transported to other individuals so reproduction can occur. The reason for plants reproducing with other individuals is allows alleles to be spread around the population, this allows for possible resistances to diseases or infections to be passed around the population. Another example of this would be in fruits and vegetables where the colours of the seed-containing vector remain dull until sexual maturity is reached and new, brighter pigments begin to be produced, these bright colours attract animals to ingest the fruit. The seeds pass through the digestive system of the animal and are excreted in a new location. This benefits plants because it allows for species of plants to seed new individuals in new environments that could be a more suitable niche for the species to
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