involved in iris recognition process are given as follow. (i) Image acquisition- It interfaces between the real world and the system; it has to acquire all the necessary data. In this step, a high – quality image of an eye is captured. (ii) Iris segmentation and location- Sometimes necessary pre-processing has to be done to remove artifacts, to enhance (e.g. removing background noise) the image. Then locate the edge of the iris as well as pupil i.e. to extract the iris region. (iii) Normalization and unwrapping process- Extracted iris region is transformed into a fixed dimension in order to allow comparisons between different irises and then normalized iris region is unwrapped into a rectangular region. (iv) Feature extraction- Textural pattern are obtained from decomposed rectangular region so that a comparison between templates can be done. (v) Matching process- A decision is made by comparing obtained templates with the templates stored in database. 1.7 Importance of iris recognition …show more content…
Numerous of biometric identification technologies such as fingerprint recognition, face recognition, speech recognition and iris recognition come around to meet those demands but all of these technologies do not fulfill the all requirements and faces many problem. In face recognition, it itself is a 3D object that varies depending on the angle, pose, illumination, and age. For a picture taken a year ago, result may have error rate of 43% to 50% even after using the best current
Fig. 4. (a) Edge detected face (b) Edges in wrinkle area Feature 7= (sum of pixel values in forehead area / number of pixels in forehead area) + (sum of pixel values in left eyelid area / number of pixels in left eyelid area) + (sum of pixel values in right eyelid area / number of pixels in right eyelid area)
In our algorithm, we have already taken a good quality of image. 3) Binarize To binarize the image the ridges are denotted by black and furrow are denotted by the white.
The file will be sent along for analysis by an expert. c) Images In this section I shall discuss
Finally, to apply morphological dilation method to refine the lesion borders. Figure 3 shows an overall system
A conventional artwork and drawing can be converted into graphic by scanning into digital form. Graphic can be categorized into two types, Bitmap Graphic and Vector Graphic. Bitmap graphic is made up of many dots arranged in matrix and specific order while Vector graphic is stored as a mathematical formula. Thus, Bitmap graphic does not require special software to read because no processing is require before displaying it. However, due to this reason, it occupies more space compared to Vector graphic and take longer time to transfer over network.
Fingerprinting is method based on the uniqueness of the skin pattern - that is, each person has a completely individual pattern of papillary lines. These patterns do not change throughout life and have the property of recovering from damage to the skin in its previous form. On the one hand, this method almost completely eliminates the mistake, and on the other hand it is very cheap and easy to use (in contrast the method of identification of a person by DNA). Fingerprinting allows: 1) to identify the person who left the prints, according to the general and particular features of the papillary pattern displayed on them; 2) to exclude individual from among those who have touched the object; 3) to narrow the group of individuals suspected of the particular crime (for instance, provided that the imprint shows traces of a scar, a burn, a wart or some other distinctive feature).
Core Values differ from one person to the next although, respect is universal. Respecting someone’s culture and/or heritage is key to any successful helping profession. While in the process or gaining trust and report with your client, it is crucial that you learn what demonstrates trust to them within their family and friends. Hearing what your client needs from you and trusting that they know their story best shows that you are listening and engaged, along with eye contact, verbal or visual confirmations that you are hearing them is also important. Being heard and feeling like your important can be more help than the actual help itself.
The authentication of Biometrics (i.e. the real authentication) which is used for identification and controlling the access which can be applied in the computer science. It is can be used in groups to identify the individuals under the surveillance. Biometric identifiers are used to labels the characteristics which can be measurable, the distinctive, and to describe the individuals. Biometric identifiers are being often categorized as behavioral versus physiological characteristics. Physiological are related to define the characteristics and the structure of the body.
On the complement, face identification is a 1: N problem. It is used compares a query face image against all image templates in a face database. Face recognition has distinct advantages over biometrics systems using finger print/palm print and iris, because of its non-contact process. It is mainly used in security systems. Face images can be captured from a distance without touching the person and the identification does not require interacting with the person.
Areas of future use contain Internet transactions, workstation and network access, telephone transactions and in travel and tourism. There have different types of biometrics: Some are old or others are latest technology. The most recognized biometric technologies are fingerprinting, retinal scanning,hand geometry, signature verification, voice recognition, iris scanning and facial
Background Ancient archeological artifacts and historical items have been discovered to still retain a large number of fingerprints on them. Since this was discovered significant strides in fingerprinting and identification have been made. In 1788 a detailed description of anatomical formations of fingerprints was made. Then in 1823 fingerprints began to be classified into nine categories, and by the 19 the century Sir Francis Galton had developed analytical methods for fingerprint matching. As the criminal justice system evolved, there arose the need for criminals to be uniquely identified by some physically identifiable trait.
Biometric refers to the way by which an individual can be identified according to their unique biological traits. Considering the fact that each individual is unique, a person can easily be identified by his or her inborn physical or behavioral traits. Hence, making it easier to identify a person under surveillance or someone who has just committed a crime. There are several ways by which a person can be biometrically indentified, the oldest of them being the ‘fingerprinting verification’. Since then, it is fair to say that biometric has undergone a considerable evolution with the advent of computerized databases and the digitization
For an analyst to match the specific print, they will use the ridge characteristics to identify specific points on a suspect fingerprint which the same information in a known fingerprint already in the database (Koehler, 1991). For example, if an analyst were to compare a fingerprint from a crime scene to a fingerprint already in the database, they would first have to collect known prints with the same general pattern type. Next, the analyst would use a loupe to compare the fingerprints side by side to identify certain information within the details that match. If enough minutiae correlate, the fingerprints are then determined to be from the same
Police officers have used informants for several different reasons over the years. This tactic has been in practice for many years now with mixed results. Informants can either be an asset or hindrance depending on the situations that unfold during the investigation. Over time we have seen that for the most part using informants can be useful and can help make a case, but we have also seen the down-side where it has made the case fall completely apart in a vicious turn that the officers did not want to happen. In this paper I plan to cover the topics of: the use of informants, the down-side of using informants, how officers can misuse informants, and the benefits of informants.
Face recognition process of identifying or verifying individual person by their face. one of the most important sources of the information is human face which can be intended for personal verification and identification of individual person. Wrinkles play an essential role in the face-based analysis. They have been widely used in applications, such as face age estimation, facial retouching and facial expression recognition. Facial wrinkles are 3D features of skin and appear as skillful discontinuities or cracks in surrounding skin texture.