The Scrum Framework
Scrum framework was introduced by Ken Schwaber and Jeff Sutherland in 1995 in their paper and then they held an implementation workshop [27]. Scrum is an agile software development framework that is widely used to achieve the agility, iterative, and incremental development in the software domain. Scrum is used for managing software projects in a changing environment. Scrum achieves software project by improving communication and collaboration among team members and breaking the work into a series of sprints. Scrum framework consists of Scrum teams and their associated roles, events, artifacts, and rules [28]. Figure (3) illustrates Scrum framework and its components.
Fig. 3. The Scrum Framework [29].
Scrum team is characterized by self-organizing
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Scrum team utilizes Sprint Retrospective to inspect itself and extract learned lessons to identify the possible improvements to be considered in the next sprint.
Scrum framework includes three main artifacts: product backlog, sprint backlog, and increment.
• Preparing Product backlog is the first activity of the product owner that includes visualizing the product and creating a refined and prioritized list of tasks [27]. The product backlog evolves as the product evolves. For ongoing product development, the product backlog might also contain new features, changes to existing features, defects needing repair, technical improvements, and so on [30].
• Preparing Sprint Backlog includes a selection of Product Backlog items to be in the Sprint and introducing a short plan for delivering the product increment and achieving the sprint goal.
• The Increment is the sum of all the Product Backlog items accomplished during a Sprint and the value of the increments of all previous Sprints. At the end of a Sprint, the new Increment must be “Done,” which means it must be in useable condition and meet the Scrum Team’s definition of “Done.” It must be in useable condition regardless of whether the Product Owner decides to actually release
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Scrum and XP encourage similar values to minimize conflicts between developers and management. They provide a structure within which a customer can evolve a software product that best meets intended requirements, and can implement quality functionality incrementally to take advantage of business opportunities. The authors introduced the data about the application of combined Scrum and XP in two real projects. Therefore, they presented briefly the use of Scrum to manage software development process, in conjunction with the use of XP practices to ensure the quality of the produced software. The problem in this work is that it did not present practical steps of applying the integration between XP and
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