DECLARATION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
INTRODUCTION
NEED
LITERATURE REVIEW
IMPORTANCE
PROBLEMS IN STUDYING WORKPLACE SPIRITUALITY
RESEARCH GAPS IDENTIFIED
CONCLUSION
REFERENCES
DECLARATION
‘’Without work, all life goes rotten - but when work is soulless, life stifles and dies.’’ (Albert Camus)
In classical organisations employees were viewed as impersonal instruments to achieve material ends. Then came the bureaucratic and scientific management models of the workplace where rationality and legality were the main center of focus. The spiritual dimension of human beings that is concerned with finding and expressing meaning and purpose, living in relation to others and to something bigger than oneself-is still at an early stage of development.
The
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There are indeed many possible ways to define such a complex and diverse term as spirituality at work. Laabs (1995) points out that "defining spirituality in the workplace is like capturing an angel - it 's ethereal and beautiful, but perplexing".
Spirituality is giving expression to one 's feelings. It is the basic belief that there is a supreme power, a being, a force, whatever you call it that governs the entire universe. There is a purpose for everything and everyone. There is a higher power that affects all things. Everything is interconnected with everything else.
Key elements of spirituality are;
• Not formal, structured, or organized.
• Non denominational, above and beyond denominations.
• Broadly inclusive, embracing everyone.
• Universal and timeless.
• The ultimate source and provider of meaning and purpose in life.
• The awe we feel in the presence of the transcendent.
• The sacredness of everything, the ordinariness of everyday life.
• The deep feeling of the interconnectedness of everything.
• Inner peace and calm.
• An inexhaustible source of faith and will power.
• The ultimate end in
Moreover, the author explains how the American work ethics have some of the values from Protestant work ethics, such as hard-working and dedication toward work. Klemens used Max Weber’s statement as an example to explain what Protestant work
Work can leave the population with many scars, whether they are physical or emotional they form over time. The poems Hard Work by Stephen Dunn, The Mill by Edwin Arlington Robinson, and Night Waitress by Lynda Hull share the common theme that work can dominate an entire existence. Carrying out a job fills a person’s entire life and people must build the rest of their life around their career. The only problem is that some people get stuck with dead end jobs that have them doing repetitive tasks day in and day out. This can drain a person in a way where they can lose themselves and who they are in their jobs.
As the world continues to evolve and change some things remain constant, including spirituality and religion. For centuries the belief in a higher power has guided man through the darkness darkest of times and has allowed us to evolve industrially as well as spiritually. Identifying spirituality, what it means to us, and our purpose is a lifelong project. Many fall short of identifying their true purpose while here on Earth, leaving the known world a source or dread and fret. For those that believe, life seems a bit more bearable, tolerable.
In Hinduism, the ultimate goal is to achieve Atman-Brahman, which is done so by separating yourself from the material world. However, the problem arises in the fact that humans by nature are materialistic. Hindu’s believe that there are four stages of life, and it’s not until humans reach the last stage of life that they may achieve ultimate happiness. This fourth stage is known as “wandering ascetic” and is when humans are closest to physical death, but are most alive in a spiritual sense. It is the ego that prevents us from reaching the fourth stage throughout the course of our lives.
Introduction In his article, “Meaningful work: Kantian approach”, Bowie accepts Kant’s notion that meaningful work is not an absolute requirement but rather an affective way in honouring a Kantian morality. Based on this assumption, the purpose of this paper is to establish and evaluate the Kantian’s criteria to meaningful work with reference to South African context. This paper is going to begin with a critical discussion of Kantian’s principle to making work meaningful. From there on, it is going to incorporate the implication of his principle in the South African Context.
The spirituality of the personality which emerges when the consciousness is overburdened with clarified, apprehended and assimilated matter welling up from the unconscious (Dictionary of Symbols 243). In simple
Week Outline Preliminary Thesis Statement: Religion is an essential constituent of any civilization with a unique spiritual pathway. Main Point: Religious spirituality establishes the framework for human social and cultural development. 1. Topic Sentence:
It represents the spiritual aspect of one’s life. As an individual of the Christian faith, spirituality is at the center of my life. Spirituality revolves around one’s deeper thoughts and beliefs. These beliefs have aided me in developing better relationships with others which are rooted in our spirituality.
Religious discrimination in workplace entails an employer treating a person specifically a candidate or staff unfairly because of his or her religious beliefs. The Title VII and law protects people who have wholeheartedly held religious, ethical or moral beliefs (Eeoc.gov.). Religious discrimination can also mean treating someone differently because that person is affiliated with an individual of a distinct religion. Religious discrimination in employment, has not vanished.
2. Religion 2.1. Definition of Religion Religion is a set of beliefs, morals, and values that people practice to guide their lives in a spiritual manner. Religion entails traditions, customs and cultures that influences people to live a life of morality and can be shared among communities and societies. It is a linkage to our inner beings and through the belief of God to dedicate our lives in helping others and in the pursuit of self happiness.
The theory of one’s self is a mystery. No one knows why we act the way we do. However, the question of why we love the people we love and defend the ones we love no matter how wrong they are, is still questionable. Many humans seem confused about their purpose or “lost”. The most mysterious beings on this planet are humans.
The meaning of spirituality extends beyond religion. Spirituality is personal and everyone has there own spiritual path. Sprituality is more general in nature while religion is specific to a particular god,culture or faith. In spirituality one can go by ones own codes but in religion one may have to follow certain guidance from the religion like fasting on certain days.
(380). Secondly, noetic quality; described as mystic experiences rooted in states of knowledge. They are filled with illuminations, revelations that carry an authority for years to come (381). Thirdly, transiency, states simply that mystical states cannot be sustained for long. They don’t last long but the more a person tries to reproduce the memory and have others along with it; the richer and more internally developed than ever (381).
William James, American psychologist and philosopher, pinpointed four general characteristics of mystical religious experiences: Ineffability, noetic quality, transiency, and passivity (Mystical Experiences). Ineffability states that mystical experiences are off of feelings rather than intellect. Noetic quality states that mysticism comes from knowledge, insight, awareness and illumination, it is beyond the realms of intellect. Transiency states that mystical experiences only last a minimal amount of time, even though they may seem to last an eternity. And, lastly, passivity is when a person feels like they are in a complete trance and held up by a higher power.
In the Kendal Project, Heelas and Woodhead (2005) found the most popular activities were yoga, massage, aromatherapy, homeopathy and reflexology. Bruce (2002) argues that all New Age religions have five common features: an emphasis on the self; a holistic approach with the mind, body and spirit all connected to the environment and the supernatural; a belief that there is no authority higher than the individual and no single truth; people being able to mix the vast range of beliefs, therapies and techniques in ‘the global cafeteria’; and the aim of making individuals more successful, happy and healthy. Despite, these common features, New Age beliefs vary. For example, they include world-affirming aspects that help people to succeed in the everyday outer world and world-rejecting elements that allow individuals to achieve enlightenment in their inner