Systems Biology: Bottom-Up Approach
SYSTEMS BIOLOGY
I) INTRODUCTION:
1.1 Systems Biology
Systems Biology is the study of an organism, viewed as a whole combined and cooperating network of genes; their proteins and the biochemical reactions, which they carried out to give, rise to life.
Supporters describe systems biology as a biology-based inter-disciplinary study field that focuses on complex interactions in biological systems, claiming that it uses a new approach that is holistic approach. Particularly from year 2000 onwards, the term is used widely in the biosciences, and in a variety of perspectives. An often-stated determination of systems biology is the modeling and discovery of emergent properties, properties of a system whose theoretical description is only possible
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They can be classified into two approaches via; Bottom-Up Approach and Top-Down Approach.
Bottom-Up Approach works on the compilation of independent experimental data through literature searches and some precise experiments to obtain data of very specific characteristics of network of interest. When most parameters are available, the main purpose of the research is to build a precise simulation model, which can be used to analyze the dynamic properties of the system by changing the parameters that cannot be done in the actual
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Technical innovations in experimental devices, single-molecule measurements, femto-lasers that permit visualization of molecular interactions, and nano-technologies are critical aspects of systems biology research.
III) PRESENT SCENERIO
3.1 Human Genome Project
Fifty Years Ago
• In 1990, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Department of Energy combined with international partners in a quest to sequence the complete set of DNA in the human body. This combined, public effort was the Human Genome Project.
• The Human Genome Project’s goal was to understand the genetic factors in human disease, creating the way for new strategies for their diagnosis, treatment and prevention using powerful tools.
• All Human Genome Project data generated were made freely and rapidly available on the Internet, to increase the pace of medical discovery around the globe.
• In April 2003, the Human Genome Project was successfully completed, under budget and more than two years ahead of schedule.
Today
• The Human Genome Project has already helped in the discovery of more than 1,800 disease
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