Cultural globalization is often understood as the spatial diffusion of global products. At a deeper level, cultural globalization may be seen as the contested process of internationalization of values, attitudes and beliefs. The spread of cultural practices and symbols makes the world more the same, but at the same time triggers resistance. Hence, cultural globalization while uniting the world is also seen to strengthen local cultures and is a major force behind the creation of identities. Such homogenization or differentiation can be noticed in the change of cultural practices and consumption patterns over time and space.
More and more western university students come from a wide range of cultural backgrounds, resulting in a multicultural learning environment. Cultural diversity means that every nation and every country in the world has its own unique culture, and national culture is an important symbol of national identity. From the national festivals and cultural heritage, people can deeply feel the colorful world culture. With the increasing complexity of human society and the development of information circulation, the transformation and upgrading of culture is also accelerating. The development of various cultures is faced with different opportunities and challenges, and new culture will emerge one after another.
The defining factor of this multicultural re-orientation of discourse analysis is that it breaks out of the limits of the cultural imperialism on the other hand and maintains multicultural dynamics on the other. The Cultural nature of Discourse Studies Discourse analysis is verily influenced by culture in a number of ways. For research to be done certain aspects have an influence in the way research is done. Certain discursive characteristics and tendencies have been identified notably and proposed by (Xu, 2006): Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) - is modelled upon language as conceptualised in structural linguistics. Language is understood as unfolding and evolving because of many interactions across the world.
In other words one identifies principles that are common to the helping relationship – independent of a specific culture. Fukuyama (1990) argues for a transcultural, universal approach to multicultural counselling – saying that certain factors are important regardless of culture. She suggested that one starts with an awareness of culture and then later try to understand how the individual or family issues relate to the cultural
Introduction: Importance of Cross-Cultural Communication In an increasingly globalised world, different cultures often run into each other. Travelling, migration, transnational businesses, mass media, social networking and the Internet – there are a myriad of reasons that necessitate them to communicate with each other. Cross-cultural communication becomes an inevitable fact of modern life. Because different cultures often have different and even conflicting worldviews, it is also inescapable that conflicts can arise in cross-cultural communications. Scholars of the subject have been looking for ways where different nationalities and cultures can interact with one another successfully and engage in an effective communication.
And for making and maintaining the international frame of reference and spreading global culture new communication and information technologies helped a lot. Cultures have become more visible, vocal and global through exposure to media technologies. Therefore, even though we may not have chance to visit or interact with them, but we feel we know them. Such an interaction is facilitated by development in media technologies. Innis Harold (1950) through his theory of Technological Determinism propounded that the fundamental breakthroughs in technology are first applied to the process of communication.
Multiculturalism refers to the diversity in culture of communities within a given region or society and the policies that promote this said diversity. In descriptive terms, it is the simple fact of cultural range and the demographic make-up of a specific place, sometimes at the organizational level. As a perspective term, it encourages ideology and policies that are seen to promote diversity or its institutionalization. In this dimension, multiculturalism is seen to be a society at ease with the rich tapestry of human life as well as the desire amongst people so as to express their own identity in the manner they see fit. The ideology or policies of multiculturalism vary widely, ranging from a policy of promoting the maintenance of cultural diversity, to the advocacy of equal respect to the various cultures that exist in a society, to policies in which individuals of different religious and ethnic groups are addressed by the authorities as defined by the group they belong to.
When a person moves to a new country, there is always going to be the likelihood of experiencing a shock when exposed to a culture different form their own. Australia being a multicultural nation is witnessing globalisation through the growing number of immigrants, international students and trade finding a place in the vast country. A large percentage of the Australian population – 34.3% in 2011 had parents who were born overseas (ABS 2011). This statistic indicates the existence of multiculturalism in Australia and its exposure to the wide population. In this complex environment of different cultures co existing, there is a higher chance of a person’s identity undergoing a change or shift to adjust to the surrounding.
Globalization is derived from foreign languages (Globalization) is a global, which means universal and meaningful lization process. So, based on the origins of which have been there that the word globalization is widening process new elements both thinking, lifestyle, information and technologies without being limited by borders or global. In addition, globasisasi can also be interpreted as a process where the boundaries of a country becoming increasingly narrow because of the ease in interacting between both countries in the fields of trade, lifestyle, information, or in other forms of interaction. Globalization can also be defined as a process where in everyday life, information and ideas become as one benchmark that is a worldwide standard. The process is due to the increasing sophistication in the field of information technology and communication and transportation and also economic activities that has entered the world
Introduction: In present times, due to globalisation and technological expansion, societies have become multicultural and multiethnic. Transnational migration is one of the significant aspects of the contemporary world. The experience of migrants depends upon many factors. It varies from generation to generation. The attitude of the host countries and the causes that lead to migration are some of the major factors that affect the life of migrants in the host country.