Community Participation: An Effective way for Wild-life Conservation in National Parks and Wild-life Sanctuaries in India
Kapildeo Indurkar ukapildeo@gmail.com R. A. Podar College of Commerce & Economics, Matunga, Mumbai
Abstract:
Wild-life protection and conservation is very much required as many species are on the verge of extinction due to increased human activities. The legal provisions and the institutional framework are already there for the sake but it also requires public involvement. In recent times, community participation in this process is could be very effective in long run. Some research studies have also revealed that the participation of the local people have proved better in terms of wild-life conservation and management in some protected areas like National Parks and Wild-life Sanctuaries. Local communities are already getting benefits from the activities like wild-life tourism, we need to enhance their share. Strategies for involving local community are required in such a way that the local people are reaping the benefits of conservation in sustainable manner. Improving local people’s mindset and attitude towards wild-life conservation is a key to success.
Key Words: community participation, wild-life conservation, protected areas, wild-life tourism, benefits to local people.
Introduction:
A uniform Legislation on wild-life
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Currently wildlife conservation policy does not see wildlife tourism in PAs as a source of revenue for local communities. Research studies reveal that more local people are positive about wildlife tourism and can support the activity if they get proper returns. They believe that a well conserved PA can attract more tourists and get more revenue. Hence in some cases it is found that people take active participation in tourism related activities and conservation of the area when they see direct economic
Jimmy Carter wrote this essay to persuade his audience that industry should not develop Arctic National Wildlife Refuge for its resources . Carter used evidence, such as facts and examples to support his claim. In Carter’s writing, he clearly shows the reader how the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge remains America’s last truly great wilderness. Many animals live there, for example, the polar bears, caribou, Dall sheep, and wolves.
I do agree with the U.S. Federal government’s management plan for wild horses. Based on the reading, the U.S. Federal government had the best interest of wild horses in mind when declaring this act. The act protects horses from humans by making wild horses components of the public land they occupy. The Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act prevents humans from slaughtering wild horses. The act also considers the natural behaviors of horses and how these behaviors will affect the longevity of the wild horse population.
Thinking this was a problem, she led a grassroots campaign requesting that the wild horses and burros of the United States be protected, controlled, and managed. As a result, she not only gained the nickname “Wild Horse Annie”, but the “Wild Horse Annie Act” was created, proclaiming that wild horses and burros could no longer be hunted using motorized vehicles (“Program History”). Twelve years later, the Wild Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971 came to life. It gave a definition of wild horses and burros, stating that they are “all unbranded and unclaimed horses and burros on the public lands of the United States”. Additionally, this document included that all lame, old, or sick animals are to be humanely disposed of, and that in case of overpopulation,“appropriate management levels should be achieved by the removal or destruction of excess animals, or other options (such as sterilization, or natural controls on population levels)”(BLM).
Subject- Deforestation affects majority of the population, including people and animals, across the nation and in my community. Situation or Problem- Deforestation is the action of eliminating trees, in forests, by cutting them down. The objective of deforestation is to create more land for construction and land establishments with the idea of not restoring thee trees back or replacing them. How it affects my community- Deforestation can disrupt the homes of many animals, including birds and fish.
“Into The Wild” by Jon Krakauer is the story of Chris McCandless’s life and journey. In 1992, this young man, Chris, from an average family in the East Coast decided to cut off contact with his family and give up all his possessions so that he could hitchhike into the Alaskan bush. A main reason many believe Chris went into the wilderness was because he was in search of his identity. From reading this book I have come up with my own opinion of what type of person he was. The conclusion I have reached about Chris is that he was a distant and ill-prepared person who had a very strong will.
Native Americans were seen as a small price compared to the industrialization of loggers, miners, and white homesteaders. With the depletion of wildlife, the United States began to recognized the importance of wildlife on the culture, economy, and religion of Native American tribes. State agencies now preside over fish and game to closely control the hunting of wildlife by setting limits on methods, seasonal harvest, and size of animals to ensure a healthy population. The Marine Mammal protection act of 1972 states “recent legislation generally forbids the taking, possession, or sale of designated species by any person subject to federal jurisdiction acting without federal permission” (U.S.C. 1372
Forest protection is a whole new branch related and linked with conservation, protection involves protecting the areas in which wildlife move to. Protection of all life where its marine or not. As well as protection of the parks and sites along with plants in order to reach their maximum growth. Since approximately 94 percent of forests is public property forest management teams have to keep a closer look on what’s happening to the
In an effort to ensure effective comprehension and validity, it is important to rely on credible sources and avoid making unsubstantiated claims. Finally, all messages should include a clear call to action, encouraging the audience to take specific steps to support conservation efforts. Providing practical suggestions for ways that individuals can get involved, such as volunteering or making a donation, can help to increase engagement and mobilize action. By using this writing knowledge and skills, members of the wildlife protection community can help to inspire others to take action and
This leads to my following reason, with the help from zoos, people are associating themselves to find possible solutions for this problem. An article made by Sarah Cunningham claims that ‘“Research shows that during these visits, people forge emotional connections to wildlife and learn to see themselves as part of conservation solutions”’ (Doc. B). Zoos are known as a resource to educate people to learn more about wildlife conservation. One of their objectives as an attraction is to inform people of what has been happening.
According to the BLM’s most recent (2014) population estimate, there are only 8,394 burros remaining in the entire West. The crux of the matter is the culpability of Big Cattle, which claims the wild horses and burros are nuisances on public land, though cattle drastically outnumber wild horses and burros. 82.5% (240 million acres) of public land are leased to private companies for grazing - only 17.5% is allotted to be shared with wild horses, and less and less is being “shared” with the wild horses every day. As if aligning with Big Cattle, government agencies responsible for prioritizing private interests over the protection of public lands and its wildlife (Department of Agriculture, Bureau of Land Management, Department of Fish and Game) are claiming that wild horses are now more feral than wild and that they are overpopulating public lands, though their numbers have dropped to over ninety percent in the last century.
Their characteristics of being protective when they feel threatens become a reason that people think they are wild and meant to be shot. People are taking their habitats, shrinking their land to a smaller portion, just for building agriculture fields, industrial places and roads. It is not fair for wildlife. Fortunately, some people start to care about those animals, meanwhile a number of agencies held in order to protect them. More people should be aware of that each variety of animal is a crucial role in the balance of the
Each and everyday we see a new home being built, or a shopping mall opening, or even an apartment complex in the making, but we never think of at what expense all of this is happening. By building all of these new additions we are killing hundred of different species in the process. Humans are cutting down forests, and destroying animal’s habitats. Extinction is one of the most pressing problems we are currently facing today. Each day a new species shows up on the extinction list.
Captivity is the condition of being imprisoned or confined. Is captivity good or is it bad? If humans were put into cages and given only enough food to keep them alive we would call it inhumane. What is the difference from doing the same with animals? The topic concerning captivity has been controversial for years.
Moreover, zoos always respond to emergencies, such as deadly threats to one or another species, by providing specialists and establishing breeding and treatment programs (Borrell 9). Thereby, both articles express the opinion that zoos are important for conservation purposes as they provide a wide range of specialists and research data. More significantly, they react on emergencies and do their best to protect endangered
Animals in Their New Natural Habitat Why are different species becoming extinct? Do researchers know how many innocent animals are killed each year? When will animals be protected in a comfortable habitat? In man-made environments, such as zoos and other nature parks, animals that are born in the wild are protected and well taken care of. Due to animals running around in the wild, scientists and researchers can track the amount of animals being killed everyday.