Work and Education in India
Introduction:
Work and Education in the Indian scenario provides for us to look into what can be in these spheres so that the country’s resources are best utilised. India, a developing nation which is growing towards having more than half of its population in the working age group should focus making the human resources more productive to maintain economic growth and balance. It is the role of Education when structured in bringing out efficiency could help in the work and economy of the nation.
Demographic dividend is which means that the working age population of the nation say 15-64 years is higher than the non working age group of the population. This gives way for economic growth in the nation with more productive members actively taking part in contributing to the nation’s economic growth. The Indian government is focused on developing the individuals of the nation to productive human resources by focusing on Vocational Educational Training to individuals. This is done to not just merely to produce labour to the market but also to increase the standard of living of the members of the nation. The market forces demands skilled labour and training the members into skilled work force is seen as an important feature.
Winch in his work “Vocationalism, training and Economics”, mentions that paid work requires skilling and dedication and this can be achieved through education, because skilling requires some degree of education,
states, “Supporters of the proposal say banning all child labor could harm small farmers, shopkeepers, cooks and others who rely on small hands to help them scrape by” (2). Some individuals may believe children should be able to work all day instead of going to school because it tremendously helps others earn money for basic needs and a better life. On the other hand, the document Will India’s proposed rules of child labor help or hurt
The article gives two explanations as to why women do not participate in the labor market as much as men do which is due to: “The first explanation attributes the gap to labor market discrimination: if employers value women’s education less than that of men’s education, then economic incentives to educate girls are lower (Kingdon 1998). The second explanation relates to kinship norms in India, which often dictate that a daughter will leave the household after marriage” (Rammohan and Patrick 2018:143). Both journal articles simply emphasize the culture’s distaste for women in education and how societal expectations make it a challenge for women to get an education. The negative connotation about women being educated rather than focusing on marriage has caused many to grow up believing that education was unimportant and that
Through Murray’s argument, it is evident that emphasis has been put into wrong issues in the sense that the society should focus more on producing capable individuals rather than flooding the economy with job seeking graduates with no life hack skills. The market is changing and so is the job markets, many people are equipped on following certain procedure that will not be as effective in the future. The ability to
Education is something that people have always been needed. Education has many benefits and has positive impact in our lives. An educated person is an asset for any country. In today’s world, human capital is considered the best national resource. On one hand, he can explore better opportunities for himself, and on the other hand, the entire nation would get benefited from his works.
Because more skilled workers can perform tasks more efficiently the work environment can move in a better direction. Brent also states “An economy is more valuable when equal education and labor opportunities are available across gender, race, age, and ethnicities”.(4) A community needs to consider the less fortunate when it comes to making education thousands of
The essay of Mike Rose describes the challenges that students face in vocational school, from his experience he thinks that students struggle in many things. Rose, Mike “I Just Want to be Average”. 1989 Lives on the boundary. Students in vocational school have hassle with courses, have difficulty with different culture and have to conceal their adroitness. Students in vocational school have hassle with courses, many students having different ways in thinking and in doing things because they have different personalities.
In the United States, there has become a shortage of skilled labor in the workforce. This shortage can be explained by multiple factors that play important roles in the labor force. These factors can play a role in all jobs in the workforce, but are impacting the skilled labor workers most harshly. Some of the factors include benefits and education. The shortage starts with education and continues on with the reduction in income along with benefits.
Some actions need to be carried out to improve the employability and also working conditions in low-status work. Government needs to improve access to good and non-hazardous jobs, expand on free trainings (skill acquisition) but most importantly, Government policies have to include provision of sustainable work, with fair hours and wages within a safe
In Karl Marx’s Alienated Labor, Marx tells us how people under capitalism are alienated from: the object, oneself, the human species, and other individuals. Through the capitalist process Marx explained “the worker sinks to the level of the commodity the most miserable; and that the misery of the worker is inversely proportional to power and volume of his protection” (§ 1, 58). Marx tells us that when man becomes an alienated commodity he is essentially a slave. The first way that Marx believes man is alienated from his labor, is from the object he produces.
UNDERSTANDING SOCIETY Assignment BOOK REVIEW ON SOCIAL CHANGE IN MODERN INDIA -MN SRINIVAS Orient Black Swan REVIEWED BY SHORIN A SHIMRAY Introduction: Social Change in Modern Society, this book was written by M.N Srinivas.
As CONRAD BURNS said “ Vocational education programs have made a real different the lives of countless young people nationwide ; they build self-confidence and leadership skills by allowing students to utilize their unique gift and talent “ .In fact, societal pressure had crushed the Senegalese society. Any country that aspires to performance and productivity must have the means to do so. To do so, it must rely on several factors, including those of education and training. These, together with a good orientation, constitute the basis of a political, economic and social development.
Prior to independence, the educational system in India was of ten years consisting of middle and high schools. English, Vernacular languages, Mathematics, History, Geography and Science were the major subjects to be taught. After Independence the educational system of the country was critically examined by the University Education Commission, set up in 1948, under the chairmanship of Dr. S. Radhakrishnan. The Commission revealed that secondary education is the weakest link in the chain of the educational system of the country. Subsequently, the Secondary Education Commission (1953) was set to examine the weaknesses of secondary education system.
Since the concept of locus of control has been proposed by Rotter (1996), it has aroused much enthusiasm in the academic circles and been intensively researched in the context of personality psychology as well as economics. In the psychology discipline, it has been endorsed by a variety of studies that differences in individuals’ control beliefs contribute to explaining the heterogeneity in life outcomes such as education achievement, life satisfaction, social experiences, healthiness, and happiness. Economists concentrate most attention on the influence of locus of control on economic behaviors and outcomes. Wages, employment, occupational status, career success, job search behaviors, and tenure are frequently investigated (see for instance
The education system produces skills that are not valued by employers, while raising the expectations of those who acquire them. Consequently, the unemployed do not take up existing job vacancies, and employers are unwilling to hire available candidates (Njonjo, 2010). The mismatch is more marked for school leavers and graduates who have just finished school, partly providing an explanation for the high unemployment rate among youth and new entrants into the job market. The suggested remedy is to reform the education system and increase focus on technical education and vocational training, matching them to the needs of the job market (Coenjaerts et al. 2009).
In India people between the ages of 15 and 58 are considered to be economically active which means that they have the potential of being gainfully employed. A large portion of India’s workforce is unskilled. Thus skilling and up-skilling of the labour force is required so that the unemployed population of the country can be productively employed. One of the biggest challenges facing the country today is to gainfully employ its growing labour force for greater economic growth.