The word received which is employed to mean socially acceptable, shows that this is a social rather than a regional dialect. It is a dialect of English spoken by educated southern British. Although there are many varieties spoken in India, they are largely mutually intelligible because these varieties merge into one variety which is popularly known as General Endian English (GIE). Indian English (IE) is a new dialect of English with millions of speakers in the Indian population. They include speakers from India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal and worldwide. English was brought to India by the British in the seventeenth century. After India got its independence in the year of 1947, English was accepted as one of the 15 official languages in the constitution that can be used in the government communications and taught in the school system.
Present Contrastive analysis takes in to consideration primarily the phonologies of
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In fact there are some similarities in the vowel system of RP and GIE. To conclude it can be stated that the contrastive analysis clearly indicates phonological differences among the concerned phonologies. These differences are responsible for problems in pronunciation leading to issues related intelligibility. India with its multilingual legacy gives birth to numerous regional varieties. If the regional varieties of Indian English are taken in to consideration, the present problem can multiply manifold in the Indian context. Apparently GIE is seen as phonology of educated English speakers exclusive of speakers who are not highly educated and therefore show higher amount of L1 transfer. Further GIE doesn’t take in to account regional varieties and resulting regional accents which cause unintelligibility. Hence intelligibility research requires focus on language specific strategies to establish measures for International
“English with an Accent” by Rosina Lippi-Green is an informational text that includes the chapter Language Subordination which focuses on different aspects of the languages we speak, and the many versions of those, on a cultural and geographic level. In this chapter Lippi-Green talks about things like language discrimination, location playing a part in the way we talk or the way we carry out conversations, and even communicative burdens. Lippi-Green makes a point to share that even after the Civil Rights Legislation was passed, discrimination continues to be a day to day experience in everyone’s life. Green claims “all the evidence indicates that there is still blatant discrimination in employment, housing, education, the media, the courts
On the other hand, Sally, who is a native born British Speaker, omits the “r” and extends the open-mid, back vowel (line 12). The same goes for the word “what” in which Sally omitted the letter “t” in the word “what” (line 8), which compared to American English speakers, there is no omitting of the “t.” That is why I sounded weird trying to imitate her pronunciation of the word (on the recording my intonation was slightly higher than Sally’s). This is interesting because similar results – the omitting of t’s within British English – has been observed in other research papers such as “Drilling Down to the Grain in Superdiveristy” from Ben Rampton (2015). Witnessing that evidence that has been pointed out in other articles was intriguing.
Jack Sidnell (2012), a student from the University of Hawaii, explained that “speakers may use some distinctive aspects of phonology (pronunciation) and lexis (vocabulary),”
Figurative Language in The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian In most modern day literature, authors tend to use figurative language to make the readers visualize the text in many ways. This is eminent in the novel, The Absolutely True Diary of a Part-Time Indian by Sherman Alexie. In the novel, the author uses figurative language to help the reader visualize events, describe characters, and to describe the narrator’s feelings.
There are at least 24 different dialects of English spoken in America alone according to the Washington Post. Despite the common language many people still find a way to create barriers between regions. In the situation of Ebonics and dialects relating to it, many people that do not speak or understand the dialect refer to it as “lazy English”, but it is in fact “no more lazy English than Italian is lazy Latin” according to linguist John Rickford (Rickford 726). Ebonics is a full-fledged dialect of the mother language English acknowledged by linguists across the world. Even though many linguists agree that Ebonics is a definite dialect many uneducated people still find it a basis of discrimination.
Rhetorical Analysis and Reaction of Richard Lederer Every people in nation has their own accent and pronunciation. It depends on their location in the USA, “Western and South”. Richard Lederer was the author in the “USA Today” magazine, has been a lifelong student of language and taught for twenty-seven years at St. Paul’s school in Concord. Lederer received bachelor degree from three colleges “Haverford colleges, Harvard University, and University of New Hampshire”. Furthermore, “USA Today” magazine was published in July, 2009.
Lalvani states that “the spread of the English language allowed communication between people from different backgrounds who previously could not communicate” which was important for the unification of the country. Those different groups, however, were the British and Indians, not people in India. For example, they wanted to “form a class who may be interpreters between us and the millions whom we govern (Doc. 10).” Their intent of spreading English was not to help unify Indians, but to cause them to think, act, and believe what they do, helping them stay in power. To illustrate this point further, the British say they wanted their interpreters to be “Indians in blood and colour, but English in taste, in opinions, in morals and in intellect (Doc. 10).”
The Navajo Nation extends into the states of Utah, Arizona and New Mexico. The Navajo language was used to create a secret code to battle the Japanese. They developed a dictionary and numerous words for military terms. The dictionary and all code words had to be memorized during training. Approximately 400 Navajos were trained as code talkers.
Origins and Evolution to the American Southern Dialect North America is home to a large variety of English dialects and accents. Dialects may be separated by area, referred to as regional dialect. These regions may be plotted geographically, such as done in “The Atlas of North American English”. Figure 1 Provided by “The Atlas of North American English Methods and Findings.”
The results from the Labov and Trudgill observations really surprised. In New York City, it was found that the higher a person’s socio-economic status, the more likely it was that they would pronounce the postvocalic /r/ sound. If they were of lower status, they wouldn’t pronounce the sound. However, in Reading, England, it was found that the higher class individuals didn’t pronounce the /r/ sounds that their American counterparts were known for. It was pretty interesting how word sounds could differ depending on the social class, and even among the people in the same class, their words could sound the opposite of each other.
Therefore, Dr. Giselle is able to provide an adequate analysis of the research data. Stephanie L. Hensel is a researcher in the Department of Education at the University of Michigan with an expertise in phonology, morphology, and sociolinguistics. The audience of the article is likely people who are interested in the field of sociolinguistics, particularly AAE. Overall, the article is more informative that
Know your “Mother-Tongue” “The difference between ‘speaking mother-tongue poorly’ and ‘speaking English poorly’ is a significant one, it being 3.8 times its standard error. In every group except the haoles, …the proportion checking ‘poor English’ is less than that checking ‘speaking mother-tongue poorly’. Yet English is the language of the Islands and of the public schools and the school teachers will tell you that the English usage of the majority of the non-haole children in Hawaii is very faulty.
NATIONALISM IN THE WORKS OF SAROJINI NAIDU ABSTRACT: Indian English Poetry is remarkably great. In Naidu 's poetry one can see the representation of the different colours of India and its folk cultures. There is also depiction of her secular outlook and patriotism as her theme of her poetry.
Phonemic Awareness and Phonics As a ESL student, I learned a lot information to teach young students to read, pronounce letters and words. “English is an alphabetic language, and children learn crack this code as they learn about phonemes (sound), graphemes (letters), and graph phonemic (letter-sound) relationship (Tompkins, p.103). My first language`s letters sounds never changed, but in English it changes when different letters come together for example “sh”, “ch” and words are cat and cent. When you read these word, sound is changing first letter of words even same letter.
Finally, for mainly historical reasons, certain English dialects or varieties have been viewed more positively than others. Thus, Standard English, because of its association with being the national English language, has been perceived as the most prestigious of English varieties. However, the fact that some dialects and accents are seen to be more prestigious than others is more a reflection of judgements based on social, rather than linguistic, criteria. As society changes, so too do attitudes towards dialect, accent and variational use of English generally.