Individual Differences In Coping

Based on the individual’s symptoms and needs one theoretical approach may be the focus intervention

Coping styles are the basic and fundamental approaches we use to cope with challenges. A large variety of specific coping styles can be grouped into three subtypes. First, those in which a person take the attempts to change the negative emotions. Second, those in which a person attempts to change the situation where caused the stress and the last are those that just seek to avoid the problem. These are respectively called emotion-focused coping, problem-focused coping, and avoidance.

Wallace argues that actual thinking and education involves gaining a conscious awareness, often that those around us are in reality just as important as we are. So while people are more likely to attribute behavior to another’s personality, especially if it’s negative, this is far from accurate. This is a big piece to Gilbert’s model if people do not use controlled think or thinking that is effortful, conscious, and intentional (textbook, p.65) to see someone’s situational attribution they are misinterpreting information. This occurs automatically and even involuntary, which is why Wallace referred to it as a default setting. However, even if initially people are making attributions to someone’s internal state, they can change this way of thinking and recognize outside situations.

When we practice mindfulness, our thoughts tune into what we’re sensing in the present moment rather than rehashing the past or imagining the future. There are factors that tend to be in conflict with mindfulness and which in the end can cause anxiety and depression to an individual. This is where the Mentalization-based treatment (MBT) comes in which is a form of psychodynamic psychotherapy, developed and manualised by Peter Fonagy and

The downfall to our self-presentation and management systems is the ultimate factor of embarrassment when our identity meets reality, and they do not fall into alignment. Self-presentation, as defined by DeLamater and Daniels, is all conscious and unconscious attempts by people to control the images of self they project in social interaction. In simpler terms, whether we realize it or not we portray ourselves to others in the specific ways we want to even if it is not necessarily true to who we are. There are three self-presentation methods that we employ in order to control people’s impressions, including: authentic self-presentation, ideal self-presentation and tactical self-presentation (DeLamater & Myers, 2011). Each method has its own purpose or goal.

THOMAS-KILMANN CONFLICT MODE QUESTIONNAIRE Consider situations in which you find your wishes differing from those of another person. How do you usually respond to such situations? On the following pages are several pairs of statements describing possible behavioral responses. For each pair, please circle the "A" or "B" statement which is most characteristic of your own behavior.

In the first step, the individual's conduct in each of the four modes is observed. This behaviour is compared with norms and is deemed either adaptive or ineffective. The second step is concerned with factors that influence behaviour. Stimuli are classified as focal (are those that confront the person in a specific circumstance), contextual (are those other stimuli that influence the situation) or residual (include the individual’s beliefs or attitudes that may influence the situation). The nursing diagnosis is the statement of the ineffective behaviours along with the identification of the probable cause.

The counter-argument to this is that individuals will adapt their behaviour to fit the situation, and generally demonstrate some pare of their personality in a given situation (Coaley, 2014). However, personality is a broad and rather ambiguous concept, meaning that is it difficult to define succinctly; and yet how we define it plays a crucial part in how we investigate it. Eysenck’s theory of personality concluded that there were 3 dimensions: extraverted-introverted, neuroticism-stability, psychoticism-socialisation (Eysenck & Eysenck, 1964). With the broadening field of psychometrics, the Eysencks were the first to make their approach more quantifiable and legitimate than others had been in the past. Eysenck published the Eysenck Personality Inventory (EPI) in 1964 – a uni-dimensional self-report questionnaire consisting of 57 items.

Other disciplines seem to have assimilated the same definition of chronic confusion as outlined by NANDA. For instance, psychology, defines chronic confusion as an alteration in awareness characterized by a change in cognitive or behavioral clarity (Psychology Definition Staff, n.d.). However, psychology formerly believed chronic confusion was related to psychosis. Psychosis is an abnormal state of mind resulting in a “severe loss of contact with reality” (Taber, 2013). Even though reality orientation may be implemented in patients who experience chronic confusion, the condition is not a psychosis.

The primary purpose in psychodynamic counselling is to release repressed emotions and experiences so as to make the unconscious motives conscious. That is, to enable individual to review feelings, thoughts, early-life experiences, and beliefs to gain insight into current problems and patterns of behaviour. It is stated that by identifying recurring patterns, the individual may perceive the ways in which they avoid distress or develop defense mechanisms as a method of coping so that they can take steps to change those patterns (www.goodtherapy.org). Freud’s stage of psychosexual development (and Erikson’s psychosexual stage of development) is a framework that the counsellor may use for the understanding of key developmental tasks characteristic of the various stages of life. The core principles of psychodynamic approaches to counselling include:  The belief that early childhood experiences and past events, often unconsciousness, determine how people feel about themselves and their world.

Notwithstanding strong proof for CBT 's viability and broad selection, the ways by which it is functional in the treatment of depression are not clear so far (Hollon et al., 2006) (Longmore, Worrell, 2007). Cognitive behavioral models deal with the part of human behaviors and thoughts through the development, support, and also, treatment of depression. Beck, Rush, Shaw, and Emery 's cognitive model which was developed in 1979, proposes that thoughts that are dysfunctional, core views, and data preparing predispositions are precursor to and increment hazard for wretchedness, and that CBT treats depression by evolving these. Behavioral segments of CBT (Beck et al., 1979) and behavioral actuation (Hopko, Lejuez, Le Page, Hopko, and McNeil, 2003) (Martell, Addis, and

It is possible if not likely that the nature and function of therapeutic relationships has changed significantly to better account for the contemporary understanding of mental illnesses as less categorical and more broadly conceptualized as spectrum disorders with variable constellations of symptoms (American Psychiatric Association, 2013). Broader considerations of cultural factors, comorbidity, and resource deprivation may account for occurrences within the therapeutic relationship as much as genuine psychopathology. Thus, it may be less important to base self-disclosure decisions and content on pre-determined rules or client diagnosis and more important for disclosure/non-disclosure decisions to first consider prominent clinical and vulnerability

Fundamental Attribution Error Behavior is something that changes depending on the situations that you are exposed to. This supports the fact that your behavior is also determined by different social factors that you that you could be in. In this essay I will describe the different research/case studies that’s supports the idea that our behavior changes when we are in the presence of others such as, the presence of an authority figure, the presence of a group on bystanders observing the same emergency as us, pressure from a group to change your belief even though you are wrong, social expectation to live up to a role and lastly a good or bad leader.

Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) was initially conceived as an intervention for relapse prevention in people with recurrent depression. MBCT is a skills-based group developed to find cost-effective psychological approach to specifically limit the relapse/recurrence of depression. It combines elements of cognitive theory and the practice of mindfulness mediation in a program that emphasizes the internal process of depression-related setbacks. At the time of Segal, Williams and Teasdale research cognitive theory adopted the belief that negative thoughts and attitudes that were developed early on in a persons’development led to a persistent and harmful negative point of view and their perception of the world increased their vulnerability

With this evidence, it is reasonable to infer that DID individuals will respond negatively, if at all, to treatments that do not directly address their complex symptoms. (Brand p. 170) The process of addressing and directly confronting the symptoms involves at least two stages. In the first stage the clinical work focuses on making sure the client is safe and stabilizing their symptoms. This is especially important for symptoms involving dissociation, depression, suicidal and self-destructive behavior, and PTSD.