Decentralization on Health Personnels at District Level in Indonesia : Strengths, Weakness, and Challenges Indonesia began a process of rapid government decentralization in 1999 from a formerly strong centralized government structure. The World Bank defines decentralization as “the transfer of authority and responsibility for public functions from the central government to intermediate and local governments or quasi independent government organizations and/or the private sector” (Green, 2005).
As outlined by Bossert, the underlying notion of decentralization "...implies the expansion of choice at the local level." Using a principal/agent approach, Bossert describes this expansion as "decision space", "the range of effective choice that is allowed by the central authorities (the principal) to be utilized by local authorities (the agents)."
In 2001, Indonesia started on a rapid decentralization of government finances and functions. Within a year, more than 70% of central civil servants and services facilities were transferred to the local government and also commenced implementation of a new intergovernmental
…show more content…
Prior to decentralization, the central Ministry of Health (MoH) had responsibility to decided how resources were to be allocated in the districts but now the district have control of their public sector health workforce. Even the district have control to allocated their own health workforce, the central government still controls all permanent civil servants and contract staff working at the district level. The staff are paid directly from the centre and it effectively controls hiring, firing, and the condition of employement. However, many public sector staff member contracted at the district level and have been crucial to allowing districts to developed flexibility to control their staff so it will support program plan in each
The idea of a federalist government is great, however, it has some downsides as well. Some advantages of federalism include keeping the government closer to the people, where states have the freedom and authority to make government decisions to local preferences. Federalism also allows local differences to reflected in the state and local government policy and reduce conflicts, this reduces the friction between interests and lessens conflict. The independent subnational governments allow for flexibility and experimentation, where successful policy innovations in one state can be adopted by other states and also the federal government. The achievement of at least some national goals is made easier by the participation of independent subnational
This case study will assess the government of Florida, a state government. It will touch on several important issues such as providing a general overview of how the government functions and what resources it provides, as well as some current issues the State of Florida is facing in government administration. Because the State of Florida is a state government, it tends to “resemble the national government in composition and organization of their executive branch agencies” (Milakovich, 2013, p. 21). The work and services provided by the State of Florida include services for children and families, such as services concerning adoption, child abuse, children with disabilities, food stamps, and marriage/divorce.
Before, the Canadian federal system has a significant impact on the attitude of public health care in Canada. The main hand of health care legislation falls in the provinces. Therefore, Canada does not have a national health care system, at least in the sense of the central management and the national unity. In contrast, the Canadian public health care system is composed of a set of provincial governments, at different times, in different ways to manage their respective provincial governments.
After America’s victory in the Revolutionary War, the people were very fearful of being under another strong national government. So in order to secure a weak central government, the Congress of 1777 created the Articles of Confederation. Unfortunately, the Articles worked too well by creating a weak central government. This led the nation into chaos, which forced states’ hand by revising their government. After the Articles of Confederation, America gained the United States Constitution, which is the government we are under today.
The Canadian Constitution holds jurisdiction over the organization of Canada’s health care system. Roles and responsibilities are divided between the federal, provincial and territorial governments. (1) At a national level, several intergovernmental, nonprofit organizations have been established in the past decade to improve overall system governance by monitoring and reporting on health system performance; disseminating best practice in patient safety initiatives; and providing information on health and health care, and standardizing health data collection. (2) Nongovernmental organizations that play important roles in system governance include the professional organizations such as the Canadian Medical Association, the provincial regulatory
Throughout our country’s history, there have been many debates about how our government should be run and set up. One of the biggest debates was whether or not a large republic was better or worse than a small republic and vice-versa. This argument occurred when the new constitution came into play and the debate circulated around the federalists and the antifederalists. The antifederalists wanted a republic where the citizens or the people being ruled were able to check and view closely the small republic with its small amount of enumerated powers. They saw this as the best way to keep liberty.
Since 1789, the founding and ratification of the original thirteen state constitution of the United States has revolutionized its government in order to protect its citizens as new advancements are made to benefit inhabitants of the recent New World. Since then the constitution was amended in order to gratify the needs of the people. Throughout the paradigm shift on the ideal of government, it is crucial to expound any modifications by means of bureaucracy. One of the difficulties of the shift that is directed toward the 21st century is the understanding the transition of improved government and its benefits for the delivery of human services. The government uses power, democracy, and politics to exercise their control by establishing new laws,
“The U.S. version of extreme decentralization not only places us in the minority among nations but also attracts criticism as being too complex, inefficient, and expensive” (Reichel, 2013).
Explain the difference between a centralized organization and a decentralized organization. A centralized organization generally relies on a single person or a very small, select group of people to make the decisions for the rest of the organization to follow. Pertaining to criminal justice, this would be a national police force under the federal government or, in the more extreme cases, under a single totalitarian leader. Examples of nations with a centralized police force are Israel, Denmark, Belgium, and Sweden, where centralization has seen some success (Berkley, 1970). Contrarily, examples of centralization could also be found in Nazi Germany, the Soviet Union, and fascist Italy and Spain (Berkley, 1970).
Advantages and Disadvantages of the HIE models. One of the models used In HIE is the centralized model. Another term for it is also called the Consolidated model. The Centralized model allows all the data to be stored in a single warehouse or data storage unit.
The evidences are available by looking at any Canadian television news, newspaper or news-oriented radio channels. “The major argument is about two modules of health care system which are having the fully public health care system or having some private sector as well as public sector.” (Wickens, 2000, 26). Many factors support the idea of having
Indonesia went through crucial events in the last few centuries including the spread of Islamic faith and influence. The spreading started out from trades that happened between Indonesians and Arabians (Sousa). Religious laws and traditions have changed from the moment Islam spread in Indonesia. Architectural style and mandatory rules also changed. Islam also had an impact on Indonesia economically, such as on banking and financial products (Rama).
Governments throughout the world intervene in the health sector. It is hardly for any economic activity to be free from the government intervention. In Malaysia, the government intervention shown in the three main categories, including provision of goods and services, redistribution and regulation under the dominant scopes of financing, production or delivery as well as regulation of healthcare industries (Folland, Goodman, & Stano, 2010). Undeniably, there are many factors could motivate intervention in healthcare by the government such as equity, efficiency and monopoly power. It is true that all these factors are arises due to the existence of market failure which acts as an economic rationale for government intervention.
The other aspect the government official should look into is about the more suggestion and recommendation by different research facilities that are managed privately. Even if there are different policies by different state health department to meet the local people the federal health policies should implement rules urgently in an
INTRODUCTION We belong in a time where the world goes through constant changes. Life today is so fast-paced and dynamic that we sometimes knowingly ignore what 's happening around us since it may instantly change anyway. The Philippines specifically, have gone through great changes in the past several years. These changes have rooted from problems that made it impossible for us to develop and progress as a country.